32. Kafaroo

KAFAROO (They Reject) كَفَرُوۡا  2:6

Lafz-e-Kafaroo, jis ka root ya maddah (ك ف ر) hai, issi root se
  • Kufr hai, jiss ka matlab inkar karna, na-Qadri karna hai,[i]
  • Kaafir hai, jo
    • ya to be-iman hai,
    • ya wo ye kahe ke Allah hai hi nahi aur ye kayenaat khud se wajood me aayee aur khud se chal rahi hai,
    • ya Allah ko chhorrh kar kisi aur ki ibadat kare,[ii]
    • jo Allah par iman nahi laate aur na kabhi layenge,[iii]
  • Kaafir, Momin ka opposite hai, to wo inn tamam cheezon ka inkaar karta hai;
    • Allah (سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَى) ka,
    • Uss ke farishton ka,
    • Uss ki Kitabon ka,
    • Uss ke Rasoolon ka,
    • Aakhirat ka, yani marne ke baad jee utthne ka inkaar karta hai, jahan nek kamo ki jaza milegi aur buray kamo ki saza,[iv]
  • Iblis - Shaitan ek kaafir hai.[v]
Allah (سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَىٰ) Kaafiron ko momino par ghalba nahi dega,[vi] Kyun ke;
  • Wo, yani Allah (سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَىٰ) kaafiron ka dushman hai,[vii] aur
  • Wo unn se yani kaafiron se muhabbat nahi karta,[viii] aur
  • Uss ne unn ke dilon par mohar laga di hai,[ix] takay
  • Wo uss ke raaste se bhatke huwe rahein,[x] aur
  • Unn ko bohot sakht azab hoga.[xi]
Ahle kitab bhi kufr ka izhaar karte hain,[xii] ek to inkaar karke aur doosre iman ko apne dil me chhupa kar. Kuffaar ke yani jo Allah ka inkaar karne wale hain unn ke dost aur wali jhoote devta aur butth hain.[xiii] Jo kaafir hain;
  • wo logon ko Allah ke raaste se rokte hain,[xiv] aur iss koshish me wo apna maal kharch karte hain.[xv]
  • Aur wo Allah (سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَىٰ) ke saath doosron ko shareek karte hain,[xvi] doosre khudaon ko Allah (سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَىٰ) ke barabar samajhte hain, aur
  • Wo Allah (سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَىٰ) ki bad-tareen makhlooq hain,[xvii] aur
  • Wo nabiyon ka aur jo ahle-haq hain unn ka qatl karte hain,[xviii] aur
  • Wo Allah aur uss ke Rasoolon me Farq karte hain,[xix] aur
  • Wo apne faisle Allah (سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَىٰ) ki bheji huwi kitabon ke mutabiq nahi karte,[xx] yahan hamare liye sabaq hai ke, apne baare me sonchayn, ke kya hum hamari zindagi ke faisle Quran ke mutabiq kar rahe hain ya nahi,
  • Mushrikeen bhi kaafir hain.[xxi]
Musalmano ko hukum hai ke wo aise kaafiro se dosti na kare jo Islam ka mazakh udaate hain,[xxii] agar halaat aise hain ke, kuffar se dosti rakhna zaroori hai to hume unn se chaukanna rehna hai.[xxiii] Iss ke saath-saath, humein unn kafiron ke sath acha salook karne se mana nahi kiya gaya hai, jinn logon ne hamare mazhab ki wajah se hum se jung nahi ladi aur na hi hume hamare gharon se nikala hai.[xxiv] Hum Musalmano ko kafiron ki itteba nahi karna hai, balke unn ke khilaf jadd-o-jahd karna hai.[xxv] Farishte Kafiron ki maut ke waqt unn ke chehron par aur unn ki peeton par marenge, ye kehte huwe ke, “Aag me jalne ka maza chakkho”.[xxvi] Jiss kisi ne Iman ke badle Kufr ikhtiyar kar liya, wo seedhe raaste se gumrah ho gaya.[xxvii] Kufr kin cheezon se associated hai, ya kin cheezon se wabasta hai; Kufr ka opposite hai, Iman[xlii] aur Shukr.[xliii] Ka-fa-ra ke madde ke doosre maane hai;
  • na-Shukri,[xliv]
  • doosron ki zimadariyon ko tasleem na karna,
  • Kuffaar - Arabi me Farmer ko, kisan ko kehte hain, kyun ke wo beenj ko zameen me chhupa deta hai, aur mitti se dhamp deta hai,[xlv]
  • Kaffara - ka matlab, gunahon ke bure asraat ko hattana ya door karna ya qasme todhne ka kaffara ada karna,[xlvi] ya koi muawaza dena – ghalatiyon ko chhupane ke liye,[xlvii]
  • Ek hadith me aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ne farmaya ke, har bacha jo paida hota hai, wo deen-e-fitrat par paida hota hai, aur uss ka rujhaan islam ki taraf hota hai, uss ke maa-baap uss ko yahoodi, ya isaayi ya kuch aur banate hain... Aur phir Surah Al Aaraf me, Allah (سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَىٰ) farmate hain ke, Adam (عَلَيْهِ ٱلسَّلَامُ) ki peet se unn ki aulad ko nikala gaya aur unn se ye gawahi li gayi, ke batao ke tumhara Rabb, tumhara paalne wala malik kaun hai, to Hum sab ne, har insan ne apne paalne wale malik ko gawahi de chuke hain ke Allah (سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَىٰ) hi hamare Rabb hai.[xlviii]
  • To issi liye, Lafz-e-Kufr - me Allah (سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَىٰ) ke inkaar karne me, uss iman ko chhupane ki ghalati hai, jiss ki hum gawahi de chuke hain.[xlix]
Ahadith me aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ne lafz-e-Kufr ko kuch iss tarah istemaal kiya aur samjhaya;
  • Sahih Muslim ki ek hadith hai, Farmaya Rasoolullah (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ne ke, ye duniya momin ke liye jail hai aur kaafir ke liye jannat hai.[l]
  • Rasoolullah (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ne Hudaibiya me fajr ki namaz parrhai raat ko barish hone ke baad, aur namaz ke baad aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ne Sahaba (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُم) se sawal kiya ke, batao tumhare Rabb ne kya kaha? To unhon ne kaha ke, “Allah aur uss ka Rasool behtar jaante hain”. Aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ne farmaya ke, Allah SWT ne farmaya ke, “Mere kuch bande subah me dakhil huwe momin bar kar aur kuch bande kafir ban kar, Jis kisi ne kaha ke kal raat barish Allah ke fazal aur rahmat ki wajah se huwi unn ka iman Allah par hai aur Sitaron par nahi, aur jis kisi ne kaha ke kal raat barish kisi sitaare ki wajah se huwi hai to uss ne Mujh se Kufr kiya aur uss sitare par iman laya.”[li]
  • Muwatta Imam Malik ki ye hadith, Farmaya Rasoolullah (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ne ke, agar kisi musalman ne apne bhai se kaha “Aye Kaafir”, to ye dono me se kisi ek ke liye sach hoga.[lii]
  • Issi silsile me (ek doosre ko jo hum kufr ke fatwe dete hain) Bukhari aur Muslim ki ek aur hadith me, Farmaya Rasoolullah (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ne ke, agar kisi Musalman ne apne Musalman Bhai ko kaafir kaha, to ye laqab ka mustahaq dono me se ek hai, agar jiss ko kaafir bulaya gaya hai - uss ka kufr sabit ho jayega ya ye laqab, ye kalima kaafir bulane wale ko wapas ho jayega, yani bulane wala kaafir hoga.[liii]
  • Muslim ki iss hadith me, Farmaya Rasoolullah (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ne ke, agar ek kaafir neki karta hai to uss ka ajar Allah (سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَىٰ) uss ko iss duniya me hi de dete hain, aur agar ek Musalman neki karta hai to uss ko ajar aakhirat me milega aur iss duniya me bhi rizq ata karta hai, uss ki ita’at ki wajah se.[liv]
  • Muwatta Imam Malik ki ye hadith, Farmaya Rasoolullah (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ne ke, ek Musalman ek aant me khana khaata hai aur ek kaafir saat aanton me khata hai.[lv]
  • Bukhari aur Muslim ki ek hadith, Farmaya Rasoolullah (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ne ke, ek musalman ek kaafir ka waris nahi, aur kaafir musalman ka waris nahi ho sakta.[lvi]
  • Muslim ki ek aur hadith jis me, Farmaya Rasoolullah (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ne ke, agar ek momin ko poora ilm ho jaye ke Allah (سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَىٰ) ke azab ke baare me, to kisi ko bhi jannat ki lalach nahi hogi, aur agar ek Kafir ko pata ho jaye, Allah (سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَىٰ) ki rahmat ke baare me, to koi bhi Jannat se mayoos nahi hoga.[lvii]
  • Ek kaafir aur jiss ne usse jung me qatl kiya ek saath dozaq me jama nahi ho sakte, wo iss liye ke, jung me jo musalman ke haathon mara gaya, to uss musalman ke gunah maaf ho jayenge aur wo uss kafir ke sath jama nahi hoga dozaq me.[lviii]
[i] 21:94 [ii] 2:217 [iii] 2:6 [iv] 4:136 [v] 2:34 [vi] 4:141 [vii] 2:98 [viii] 3:32 [ix] 7:101 [x] 13:33 [xi] 9:3 [xii] 2:105 [xiii] 2:257 [xiv] 4:167 [xv] 8:36 [xvi] 6:1 [xvii] 8:55 [xviii] 3:21 [xix] 4:150 [xx] 5:44 [xxi] 9:17 [xxii] 5:57 [xxiii] 3:28 [xxiv] 6:8-9 [xxv] 25:52 [xxvi] 8:50 [xxvii] 2:108 [xxviii] 2:39 [xxix] 40:42 [xxx] 9:97 [xxxi] 2:212 [xxxii] 4:168 [xxxiii] 47:3 [xxxiv] 2:99, 50:24, 80:42 [xxxv] 19:83 [xxxvi] 5:64 [xxxvii] 67:20 [xxxviii] 74:31 [xxxix] 39:59 [xl] 22:38, 31:32 [xli] 2:276 [xlii] 2:253 [xliii] 27:40 [xliv] 27:40 [xlv] 57:20 [xlvi] 5:89 [xlvii] 5:95 [xlviii] Narrated Ibn Shihab: The funeral prayer should be offered for every child even if he were the son of a prostitute as he was born with a true faith of Islam (i.e. to worship none but Allah Alone). If his parents are Muslims, particularly the father, even if his mother were a non-Muslim, and if he after the delivery cries (even once) before his death (i.e. born alive) then the funeral prayer must be offered. And if the child does not cry after his delivery (i.e. born dead) then his funeral prayer should not be offered, and he will be considered as a miscarriage. Abu Huraira, narrated that the Prophet (ﷺ) said, "Every child is born with a true faith (i.e. to worship none but Allah Alone) but his parents convert him to Judaism or to Christianity or to Magainism, as an animal delivers a perfect baby animal. Do you find it mutilated?" Then Abu Huraira recited the holy verses: 'The pure Allah's Islamic nature (true faith i.e. to worship none but Allah Alone), with which He has created human beings.' " (30.30). حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْيَمَانِ، أَخْبَرَنَا شُعَيْبٌ، قَالَ ابْنُ شِهَابٍ يُصَلَّى عَلَى كُلِّ مَوْلُودٍ مُتَوَفًّى وَإِنْ كَانَ لِغَيَّةٍ، مِنْ أَجْلِ أَنَّهُ وُلِدَ عَلَى فِطْرَةِ الإِسْلاَمِ، يَدَّعِي أَبَوَاهُ الإِسْلاَمَ أَوْ أَبُوهُ خَاصَّةً، وَإِنْ كَانَتْ أُمُّهُ عَلَى غَيْرِ الإِسْلاَمِ، إِذَا اسْتَهَلَّ صَارِخًا صُلِّيَ عَلَيْهِ، وَلاَ يُصَلَّى عَلَى مَنْ لاَ يَسْتَهِلُّ مِنْ أَجْلِ أَنَّهُ سِقْطٌ، فَإِنَّ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ ـ رضى الله عنه ـ كَانَ يُحَدِّثُ قَالَ النَّبِيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏"‏ مَا مِنْ مَوْلُودٍ إِلاَّ يُولَدُ عَلَى الْفِطْرَةِ، فَأَبَوَاهُ يُهَوِّدَانِهِ أَوْ يُنَصِّرَانِهِ أَوْ يُمَجِّسَانِهِ، كَمَا تُنْتَجُ الْبَهِيمَةُ بَهِيمَةً جَمْعَاءَ هَلْ تُحِسُّونَ فِيهَا مِنْ جَدْعَاءَ ‏"‏‏.‏ ثُمَّ يَقُولُ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ ـ رضى الله عنه – ‏{‏فِطْرَةَ اللَّهِ الَّتِي فَطَرَ النَّاسَ عَلَيْهَا‏}‏ الآيَةَ‏.‏ Reference  : Sahih al-Bukhari 1358 In-book reference                 : Book 23, Hadith 111 USC-MSA web (English) reference    : Vol. 2, Book 23, Hadith 440 https://sunnah.com/bukhari:1358 [xlix] 7:172-174 [l] Abu Huraira reported Allah's Messenger (صَلَّى ٱللَّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ) as saying: The world is a prison-house for a believer and Paradise for a non-believer. حَدَّثَنَا قُتَيْبَةُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ، - يَعْنِي الدَّرَاوَرْدِيَّ - عَنِ الْعَلاَءِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏ "‏ الدُّنْيَا سِجْنُ الْمُؤْمِنِ وَجَنَّةُ الْكَافِرِ ‏"‏ ‏.‏ Reference               : Sahih Muslim 2956 In-book reference                 : Book 55, Hadith 1 USC-MSA web (English) reference   : Book 42, Hadith 7058 https://sunnah.com/muslim:2956 [li] Zaid bin Khalid (May Allah be pleased with him) said: The Messenger of Allah (صَلَّى ٱللَّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ) led the Fajr prayer at Al-Hudaibiyyah after a rainfall during the night. At the conclusion of prayer, he turned towards the people and said, "Do you know what your Rubb has said?" They replied: "Allah and His Messenger know better." Upon this he remarked, "He has said: 'Some of My slaves have entered the morning as My believers and some as unbelievers. He who said: We have had a rainfall due to the Grace and Mercy of Allah, believes in Me and disbelieves in the stars; and he who said: We have had a rainfall due to the rising of such and such star, disbelieves in Me and affirms his faith in the stars."' [Al-Bukhari and Muslim]. عن زيد بن خالد رضي الله عنه قال‏:‏ صلى بنا رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم صلاة الصبح بالحديبية في أثر سماء كانت من الليل، فلما انصرف أقبل على الناس، فقال‏:‏ ‏"‏هل تدرون ماذا قال ربكم‏؟‏ ‏"‏ قالوا‏:‏ الله ورسوله أعلم‏.‏ قال‏:‏ قال‏:‏ ‏"‏أصبح من عبادي مؤمن بي وكافر بي ، فأما من قال‏:‏ مُطِرْنَا بفضل الله ورحمته، فذلك مؤمن بي كافر بالكواكب، وأما من قال‏:‏ مُطِرْنَا بنوء كذا وكذا، فذلك كافر بي مؤمن بالكواكب‏"‏ ‏(‏‏(‏متفق عليه‏)‏‏)‏‏.‏ والسماء هنا‏:‏ المطر‏‏‏.‏ Reference               : Riyad as-Salihin 1731 In-book reference                 : Book 17, Hadith 221 https://sunnah.com/riyadussalihin:1731 [lii] Malik related to me from Abdullah ibn Dinar from Abdullah ibn Umar that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "If a man says to his muslim brother, 'O kafir!' it is true about one of them." حَدَّثَنِي مَالِكٌ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم قَالَ ‏ "‏ مَنْ قَالَ لأَخِيهِ يَا كَافِرُ ‏.‏ فَقَدْ بَاءَ بِهَا أَحَدُهُمَا ‏"‏ ‏.‏ Sunnah.com reference        : Book 56, Hadith 1 USC-MSA web (English) reference   : Book 56, Hadith 1 Arabic reference  : Book 56, Hadith 1814 https://sunnah.com/malik/56/1 [liii] Ibn 'Umar (May Allah be pleased with them) said: The Messenger of Allah (صَلَّى ٱللَّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ) said, "When a person calls his brother (in Islam) a disbeliever, one of them will certainly deserve the title. If the addressee is so as he has asserted, the disbelief of the man is confirmed, but if it is untrue, then it will revert to him." [Al-Bukhari and Muslim]. عن ابن عمر رضي الله عنهما قال‏:‏ قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏:‏ ‏ "‏إذا قال رجل لأخيه‏:‏ يا كافر، فقد باء بها أحدهما، فإن كان كما قال وإلا رجعت عليه‏"‏ ‏(‏‏(‏متفق عليه‏)‏‏)‏‏.‏ Reference               : Riyad as-Salihin 1732 In-book reference                 : Book 17, Hadith 222 https://sunnah.com/riyadussalihin:1732 [liv] Anas (May Allah be pleased with him) reported: Messenger of Allah (صَلَّى ٱللَّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ) said, "When an infidel accomplishes any good deed, he is rewarded for it in this world; and in the case of a Muslim, Allah stores up his good acts for him in the Hereafter and provides him with subsistence in this life due to his obedience." Another narration is: Messenger of Allah (صَلَّى ٱللَّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ) said, "Allah does not wrong a believer a good deed because he is given blessings for it in this world and will be rewarded for it in the Hereafter. But the infidel is given in the world the reward for good deeds, he has performed for the sake of Allah and when he comes to the Hereafter, there is no good deed for which he can be rewarded". [Muslim]. وعن أنس، رضي الله عنه ،عن رسول الله، صلى الله عليه وسلم، قال‏:‏ ‏"‏إن الكافر إذا عمل حسنة، أطعم بها طعمة من الدنيا، أما المؤمن، فإن الله تعالى يدخر له حسناته في الآخرة، ويعقبه رزقاً في الدنيا على طاعته‏"‏‏.‏ وفي رواية‏:‏ ‏"‏إن الله لا يظلم مؤمنا حسنة يعطى بها في الدنيا، ويجزى بها في الآخرة، وأما الكافر، فيطعم بحسنات ما عمل لله تعالى، في الدنيا حتى إذا أفضى إلى الآخرة، لم يكن له حسنة يجزى بها‏"‏ ‏(‏‏(‏رواه مسلم‏)‏‏)‏‏.‏ Reference               : Riyad as-Salihin 428 In-book reference                 : Introduction, Hadith 428 https://sunnah.com/riyadussalihin:428 [lv] Yahya related to me from Malik from Abu'z-Zinad from al-Araj that Abu Hurayra said, "The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, 'The muslim eats in one intestine, and the kafir eats in seven!' " حَدَّثَنِي عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، عَنِ الأَعْرَجِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏ "‏ يَأْكُلُ الْمُسْلِمُ فِي مِعًى وَاحِدٍ وَالْكَافِرُ يَأْكُلُ فِي سَبْعَةِ أَمْعَاءٍ ‏"‏ ‏.‏ USC-MSA web (English) reference   : Book 49, Hadith 9 Arabic reference  : Book 49, Hadith 1682 https://sunnah.com/urn/516610 [lvi] Usama b. Zaid reported God’s Messenger as saying, “A Muslim may not inherit from an infidel or an infidel from a Muslim.” (Bukhari and Muslim.) وَعَنْ أُسَامَةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: «لَا يَرِثُ الْمُسْلِمُ الْكَافِرَ وَلَا الْكَافِرُ الْمُسْلِمَ» مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ   (الألباني)                حكم   : Reference               : Mishkat al-Masabih 3043 In-book reference                 : Book 12, Hadith 3 https://sunnah.com/mishkat:3043 It was narrated from Usamah bin Zaid that he said: “O Messenger of Allah, will you stay in your house in Makkah?” He said: “Has ‘Aqeel left us any houses?” 'Aqeel had inherited Abu Talib along with Talib. Neither Ja'far nor 'Ali inherited anything because they had been Muslims, and 'Aqeel and Talib had been disbelievers. So on account of that, Omar would say the believer does not inherit from the disbeliever. And Usamah said: the Messenger of Allah (صَلَّى ٱللَّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ) said "The Muslim does not inherit from the disbeliever nor the disbeliever from the Muslim." حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَمْرِو بْنِ السَّرْحِ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ وَهْبٍ، أَنْبَأَنَا يُونُسُ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ، أَنَّهُ حَدَّثَهُ أَنَّ عَمْرَو بْنَ عُثْمَانَ أَخْبَرَهُ عَنْ أُسَامَةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَتَنْزِلُ فِي دَارِكَ بِمَكَّةَ قَالَ ‏"‏ وَهَلْ تَرَكَ لَنَا عَقِيلٌ مِنْ رِبَاعٍ أَوْ دُورٍ ‏"‏ ‏.‏ وَكَانَ عَقِيلٌ وَرِثَ أَبَا طَالِبٍ هُوَ وَطَالِبٌ وَلَمْ يَرِثْ جَعْفَرٌ وَلاَ عَلِيٌّ شَيْئًا لأَنَّهُمَا كَانَا مُسْلِمَيْنِ وَكَانَ عَقِيلٌ وَطَالِبٌ كَافِرَيْنِ ‏.‏ فَكَانَ عُمَرُ مِنْ أَجْلِ ذَلِكَ يَقُولُ لاَ يَرِثُ الْمُؤْمِنُ الْكَافِرَ ‏.‏ وَقَالَ أُسَامَةُ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏"‏ لاَ يَرِثُ الْمُسْلِمُ الْكَافِرَ وَلاَ الْكَافِرُ الْمُسْلِمَ ‏"‏ ‏.‏ Reference               : Sunan Ibn Majah 2730 In-book reference                 : Book 23, Hadith 12 English translation                : Vol. 4, Book 23, Hadith 2730 https://sunnah.com/ibnmajah:2730 [lvii] Abu Hurairah (May Allah be pleased with him) reported: Messenger of Allah (صَلَّى ٱللَّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ) said, "If a believer had full knowledge of the chastisement of Allah, none would covet His Jannah; and were an infidel to know the Mercy Allah has, none would despair of His Jannah". [Muslim]. وعن أبي هريرة، رضي الله عنه ، أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قال‏"‏ لو يعلم المؤمن ما عند الله من العقوبة، ما طمع بجنته أحد، ولو يعلم الكافر ما عند الله من الرحمة، ما قنط من جنته أحد” ‏(‏‏(‏رواه مسلم‏)‏‏)‏‏.‏ Reference               : Riyad as-Salihin 443 In-book reference                 : Introduction, Hadith 443 https://sunnah.com/riyadussalihin:443 [lviii] Abu Huraira reported God's Messenger as saying, “An infidel and the one who killed him will never be brought together in hell.” (The meaning is probably that one who kills an infidel in the course of jihad will on that account have his sins forgiven, and will therefore not go to hell where the infidel inevitably goes.) Muslim transmitted it. وَعَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: «لَا يَجْتَمِعُ كَافِرٌ وَقَاتِلُهُ فِي النَّارِ أبدا» . رَوَاهُ مُسلم - حكم   :  صَحِيح   (الألباني) Reference               : Mishkat al-Masabih 3795 In-book reference                 : Book 19, Hadith 9 https://sunnah.com/mishkat:3795 [lix] 16:71 [lx] 13:16 [lxi] 37:55 [lxii] 4:42 [lxiii] 18:96 [lxiv] 23:28 [lxv] 43:12-13 [lxvi] 75:4 [lxvii] Abu Mas'ud 'Uqbah bin 'Amr Al-Badri Al-Ansari (May Allah be pleased with him) reported: Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said, "The person who is best versed in the recitation of the Book of Allah, should lead the prayer; but if all those present are equally versed in it, then the one who has most knowledge of the Sunnah; if they are equal in that respect too, then the one who has emigrated (to Al-Madinah) first, if they are equal in this respect also, then the oldest of them. No man should lead another in prayer where the latter has authority, or sit in his house, without his permission". [Muslim]. In another narration in Muslim: Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said, "One who is senior most in accepting Islam, should lead the Salat (prayer)". Yet another narration is: Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said, "A man who is well versed in the Book of Allah and can recite it better, should lead the Salat (prayer); if (all those present) are equal in this respect, then the man who is senior most in respect of emigration, if they are equal in that respect too, then the oldest of them should lead the prayer". [Muslim]. وعن أبي مسعود عقبة بن عمرو البدري الأنصاري رضي الله عنه قال‏:‏ قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏:‏ ‏"‏يؤم القوم أقرؤهم لكتاب الله، فإن كانوا في القراءة سواء، فأعلمهم بالسنة، فإن كانوا في السنة سواء، فأقدمهم هجرة، فإن كانوا في الهجرة سواء، فأقدمهم سنًا، ولا يؤمن الرجل الرجل في سلطانه، ولا يقعد في بيته على تكرمته إلا بإذنه‏"‏ ‏(‏‏(‏رواه مسلم‏)‏‏)‏‏.‏ وفي رواية له‏:‏ ‏"‏فأقدمهم سلمًا‏"‏ بدل ‏"‏سنًا‏"‏ ‏:‏ أو إسلامًا‏.‏ وفي رواية‏:‏ يؤم القوم أقرؤهم لكتاب الله، وأقدمهم قراءة، فإن كانت قراءتهم فيؤمهم أقدمهم هجرة، فإن كانوا في الهجرة سواء، فليؤمهم أكبرهم سنًا‏"‏‏.‏ Reference  : Riyad as-Salihin 348 In-book reference                 : Introduction, Hadith 348 
https://sunnah.com/riyadussalihin:348

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