Bismillah Alhamdulillah was salaatu was salaamu ala rasoolillah
Rabbish sharah li sadri wa yassirli amri wahlul uqdatam min lisaani wa yafqahu qauli
As Salaamu Alaikum wa Rahmatullahi wa Barakatuh
Pichle dars me hum ne Surah An Nasr ka Tarjuma wa Tafseer sune, aur aaj iss ke doosre hisse me Fatah Makkah ke baare me janege. Ye iss liye zaroori hai kyun ke jab tak ye nahi maloom ke, kis context me ye Surah nazil huwa, uss ka background - uss ka pas-manzar kya tha, kin halat me surah nazil huwa - to Surah ke maane, uss ki tafseer ko kaise samjhenge aur kaise apni zindagi me nafiz karenge?
Dr. Israr Ahmed ka kehna ye hai ke, Quran ki aakhri 10 Suraton me Rasoolullah (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ki seerat bhari huwi hai, waise to saara ka saara Quran aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ki zindagi se muttasil hai, connected hai. Aisha (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهَا) se aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ke inteqaal ke baad poochha gaya ke aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ke akhlaq kaise the, to unhone poocha ke kya tum ne Quran nahi parrha, phir agay farmaya ke “Khuloquhul Quran” aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ke akhlaq, aap ka conduct, aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ka behaviour Quran tha. [1] To Quran ko aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ki zindagi, se alag nahi kiya ja sakta.
Surah Al Nasr me Fatah Makkah hone ke baad, jo nishaniyan aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ke liye rakhi gayi unn ke poore hone ki ittela hai aur aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ke mission ka completion hai. To ye zaroori ho jata ke Fatah Makkah ke bare me hum jaane, aur ye Surah Al Nasr ki tafseer me hum bayan kar rahe hain.
Fatah Makkah ko samajhne ke liye, Sulah Hudaibiyah ko samajhna hoga, jiss ke baad Fatah Makkah ki peshangoi Surah Fatah ki shakal me Allah (سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَىٰ) ne nazil ki.
Surah Al Masad ki tafseer me Seerat-e-Rasool (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ke kayee waqiyat hum sun chuke hain, jiss me humne suna ke kaise Jung-e-Badar me Musalmano ne Mushrikeen-e-Makkah ko shikast di, kaise Allah (سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَىٰ) ki madad ayee aur kaise Quraish ke kayee naamwar sardar maare gaye.[2]
Phir Kab bin Al Ashraf ke waqiye ki detail me humne suna, ke Jung-e-Badar ke baad kaise aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ki personality ki wajah se, Badar ki jeet ki wajah se, aur kuch corrective actions jo aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ne liya kuch qabilon ke khilaf uss ki wajah se kayee saare qabile Musalmano ke saath unn ke taloqaat bann gaye, aur ye silsila chalta raha aur iss ke nateeje me, kuch qabile jinn ke taloqaat Makkah walon ke saath mazboot the, wo phir Mushrikeen-e-Makkah se madad maangne lage.[3]
Kayee saare waqiyaat hain, jinn ko cover karne ka mauqa nahi hai, lekin ye batana zaroori hai ke, Quraish Badr ki haar ka badla lene ke liye zor-o-shor se tayyari me lage the. Makkah se aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ko khabar panuchane walon me aap ke chacha Abbas (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُ) ne bataya ke Mushrikeen-e-Makkah 3,000 ka lashkar le kar Madinah ki taraf rawana hone ke liye tayyar hain. Quraish ki fauj ke saath unn ke allies, wo qabile jinn ka Quraish ke saath gehra taaloq tha, wo bhi shamil the, ye Madina ke Shamal me, North ki taraf fauj dera daalti hai. Madinah me aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) apne Sahaba (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُم) se ye mashwara karte hain ke, aya Madinah me rah kar jung ladi jaye ya Madina se bahar nikal kar ladi jaye. Madina se bahar nikal kar jung ladne ka faisla hota hai aur Musalmano ki tedad hoti hai 1,000. Adha raasta jaane ke baad, Munafiqeen jinn ke tedad 300 thi, wo Madinah wapas ho jaate hain, aur Musalmano ki tedad ho jati hai 700.[4]
Uhud pahunch kar aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) pachas 50 teer andazon ko ek teele par tainaat karte hain aur kehte hain ke, jab tak aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ka hukum na ho ye jagah na chhorhe. Jung shuru hoti hai aur Musalman dushman par haawi ho jaate hain aur wo maidan chhorh kar bhagne lagte hain. Teer andazon ki aksariyat ye samajhti hai ke jung khatam ho gayee, aur wo apni jagah chhorh kar maidan me Musalman fauj se jaa milte hain. Khalid Ibn Al Waleed jo abhi tak Musalman nahi huwe the, wo ye maukha dekh kar teele ke piche se hamla karte hain. Kuffar jo bhaag rahe the, ye dekh kar ke Musalmano par peeche se hamla huwa hai, wo palat kar idhar se waar karte hain. Musalman fauj me confusion phail jaata hai aur 70 Sahaba (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُم) shaheed hote hain, aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) par bhi dushman waar karta hai jiss me aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ke do daant shaheed ho jaate hain.[5]
Jaisa Badr ke baad Yahoodi qabile Bani Qainuqa par action liye gaya tha, waise hi Jung-e-Uhud ke baad Bani Nadr ke allies ek Sahabi ka qatl kar dete hain, to aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) unn se blood-money ka dawa karne Banu Nadr qabile ke paas jaate hain apne Sahaba (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُم) ke saath, wahan wo aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ka qatl karne ka plan banate hain. Wahi ke zariye aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ko khabar di jaati hai ke wo Banu Nadr se wapas ho jaye aur aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) Banu Nadr ko 10 din ka time dete hain Madinah chhorhne ke liye, Aur Banu Nadr Khaybar ke ilaakhe me ja ker bass jaate hain. Aur bhi military actions aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ki taraf se iss dauran me hote hain, aur doosri taraf Quraish ke Mushrikeen-e-Makkah, iss tayyari me lag jaate hain ke ek final hamla Madinah par kiya jaye taake Musalmano ka aur Rasoolullah (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ka khatema kiya ja sakay.[6]
Banu Nadr aur Quraish mil kar ek agreement karte hain Kabaa
ke andar, aur ye sab mil kar Arab ke tamam qabilon ko uksaate hain Madinah par
hamla karne ke liye aur jo fauj wo jama karte hain uss ki tedaad ho jaati hai
12,000 - pehle ki tarah Chacha Abbas (رَضِيَ
ٱللَّٰهُ
عَنْهُ) aap (صلى
الله عليه
وسلم)
ko ittela dete hain ke Macca se ye fauj nikal chuki hai, aap (صلى الله
عليه وسلم) fauran tayyari me lag jaate hain aur saare Madinah me ye
khabar phailayee jaati hai, ke jeet Musalmano ki hogi agar sabr wo sabr
kare, Allah (سُبْحَانَهُ
وَتَعَالَىٰ) se hi darte rahe aur hukum maane. aap (صلى الله
عليه وسلم) mashwara karte hain aur Salman al Farsi (رَضِيَ
ٱللَّٰهُ
عَنْهُ) ye mashwara dete hain ke Persia me jab bhi ghodon ki fauj ke
hamle ka qadsha rehta to hum apne aap ko khandaq se gher lete, to Madina ko bhi
khandaq se bachaya ja sakta hai. Sab ko ye mashwara pasand ata hai aur aap (صلى الله
عليه وسلم) Musalmano ko iss mission par laga dete hain aur khud me
bhi unn ke saath khandaq khodne me lag jaate
hain.[7]
Abhi Khandaq khudna khatam bhi nahi huwi ke Quraish ke
lashkar aane ki khabar aa jaati hai, auraton aur bachon ko mahfooz makano me
shift kar diya jaat hai, aur aap aap (صلى
الله عليه
وسلم)
Musalmano ke saath jin ki tedaad 3,000 ke qareeb thi, Muqabla karne ke liye
tainaat ho jaate hain, aap aap (صلى
الله عليه
وسلم)
teer andazon ko khandaq ke parallel khada karte hain ke agar koi ghod-sawar
khandaq ko paar karne ki koshish kare to teeron se unn ko roka ja sakay.
Quraish aur unn ke Arab saathi qabile walon ke liye ye pehla mauqa tha ke, jung
me khandaq ke zariye dushman ko rok diya gaya ho. Wo kyun ke iss khandaq ko
paar nahi kar sakte the, to doosre tareeqe dhoondne lage, ek tareeqa tha Bani
Quraizah ke yahoodiyon ko baghawat ke liye uksaya jaye, jiss ke liye wo pehle
inkaar karte hain aur phir Banu Nadr aur Munafiqeen ke pressure me raazi ho
jaate hain.
Ab dushman andar bhi hai, to khandaq ke sath sath, Bani
Quraiza par bhi nazar rakhni hai, Musalman ghod-sawar, Rasoolullah ke hukum par
ab Madine me Allahu-Akbar ke naare lagate huwe raaston ko ghasht karne lage.
Din guzar rahe the aur ladai sirf teer maar kar ho rahi thi, dushman ke
ghod-sawar koshish me lage the ke jahan khandaq me gap kum hai wahan se paar
kiya jaye lekin wo khandaq paar nahi kar paye. Ek din 3 ghod-sawar andar ghus
aye lekin unn ko khatam kar diya gaya. Ab dushman issi koshish me laga tha ke
jaise hi Musalman chooke aur wo andar ghus aye, dushman koshish par koshish
kiye ja raha tha, Musalman apni jagah chhorh kar hatt nahi sakte the, yehi wo
din tha, jiss din aap (صلى
الله عليه
وسلم)
ki aur Sahaba (رَضِيَ
ٱللَّٰهُ
عَنْهُم) ki Zohar ki namaz qaza ho jaati hai, Asar ka waqt aata hai aur
sooraj ghuroob ho jaata hai, Musalmano ki ye namaz bhi qaza ho jaati hai. Kuch
dino se thand ki wajah se pehra dena mushkil ho raha tha, Musalmano ke liye aur
Munafiqeen ye mashhoor kar rahe the ke ye jung Musalman nahi jeet sakte sirf ek
khandaq ko beech me rakh kar. Naye jo Musalman the unn ka sabr khatam ho raha
tha. Aap (صلى
الله عليه
وسلم)
dua karte hain ke “Ya Allah, Kitab (yani Quran) ke nazil karne wale, tezi se
hisab lene wale, ye Arab kuffar ke
united forces ko, ahzab ko bhaga de, unn ko hila de” har namaz ke baad ye dua
kar rahe the aap (صلى الله
عليه وسلم).
Jab faisla kun jung nahi hoti to misinformation, aur fake
news shuru ho jaati hai, aur ye to jung ka mamela tha, 2 hafte guzar jaate hain
aur jo jeet sonch kar Arab kuffar Qabile
aye the Musalmano par hamla karne ke liye, wo unn ko nahi mili, balke ab janwar
marr rahe the, ek taraf thand aur bhook ki wajah se aur doosri taraf teeron se
zakhmi ho kar. Blame game shuru ho jaati hai aur apas me na-ittefaaqi ho jaati
hai. Aur phir, Allah (سُبْحَانَهُ
وَتَعَالَىٰ) ki taraf se ek hawa aur barish shuru ho
jaati hai, dushman ke khaime udh jaate hain, aag bhujh jaati hai aur dushman
bebas ho kar maidan chhorh kar chale jaate hain.[8]
Musalmano ko aram karte huwe chand ghantte hi huwe the ke Zohar ka waqt hota hai, Namaz se farigh hone ke baad Jibaeel-e-Ameen, Allah (سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَىٰ) ka hukum le kar Rasoolullah (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ki qidmat me pesh hote hain, aur kehte hain ke Quraizah ke yahoodi jo Musalmano ke khilaf dushman ko support kare the, uss ki saza unn ko milni chahiye. Aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) Bani Quraizah ke qilon ka muhasara karte hain aur 25 din ke baad wo surrender kar dete hain, unn ke mardon ka qatl kar diya jaata hai aur auraton aur bachhon ko chhorh diya jata hai, takay ye Banu Nadr ki tarah phir Musalmano ko nukhsan na pahuncha sakay.[9]
6AH me Jungo ka silsila chalta raha aur jab Ramadan aya to aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) Madinah me ruke rahe, Shawwal bhi wahin guzara, ek raat aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ne khwab me dekha ke wo Kaba ke andar ja rahe hain aur aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ka sar moonda huwa hai. Doosre din aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ne Sahaba (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُم) ko ye baat batayee aur Umrah par chalne ki dawat di, aur log tayyari me lag gaye Umrah par jaane ki, aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ne apne saath Ummul Momineen Umm Salamah (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهَا) ko rakha.
Har shaks apne saath ek talwar ke alawa shikar karne ke liye zaroori saman rakh liya, Umar aur Sad Ibn Muadh (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُما) ne ye mashwara diya ke Musalman Hathiyar se lais, yani fully armed rehna chahiye. Lekin Rasoolullah (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ne farmaya ke wo hathiyar nahi lenge, kyun ke wo sirf Umrah par ja rahe hain. Pehle padao par aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ne Hadi ke janwaron par nishani lagayee aur doosron ko bhi hukum diya aisa karne ko. Phir aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ne ek shaks ko aagay bheja pata lagane ke liye ke Mushrikeen-e-Makkah ka kya reaction hai - Musalmano ke iss Umrah par nikalne ka.
Aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ihram pehante hain aur do rakat namaz ada karke talbiyah parrhna shuru kar dete hain. Musalman bhi aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ki pairwi me unn ko follow karte hain.
Jab Quraish ko pata chalta hai ke Musalman Umrah karne ke liye nikle hain to wo ek makhmase me, Dilemma me phans jaate hain aur ek emergency meeting karte hain. Unn ki pareshani ye thi ke;
● Agar wo Musalmano ko, jo ke ek hazar se zyada Arab Hajiyan the, agar Hajiyon ko Kaba me aane se
rokenge, to khullam khulla wo unn qawaneen ki khilaf warzi kar rahe hain, jiss
ki wajah se unn ki shohrat thi.
● Aur agar wo Musalmano ko, jo unn ke dushman hain, peacefully, aman aur sukoon ke sath Makkah me aane dete hain, to phir ye Muhammad (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ke ek moral victory ho jayegi. Aur ye baat saare Arab me phail jayegi aur iss haar ka sehra wo khud apne hathon se pehanenge.
● Teesre aur sab se bada dhakka ye hoga, Umarah ke arkaan jo Musalman aa kar karenge Makkah me, ye confirm ho jayega ke Musalman dar asal Deen-e-Ibrahim ko follow karne wale hain aur Arab ke Qabilon ke liye Islam me dakhil hona aur attractive ho jayega.
● Musalmano ko wo hargiz Makkah me dakhil nahi hone dene wale the.
Jab Hujjaj Usfan ke ilaakhe me pahunche, tab wo shaks jiss ko aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ne khabar lene ke liye bheja tha, wo ittela deta hai ke, Mushrikeen-e-Makkah Khalid Ibn Waleed ko 200 ghodh-sawaron ke saath bheje hain, Musalmano ko rokne ke liye. Aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ek guide ki madad se doosre raaste se Hudaibiya le jaata hai jo Makkah ke qareeb hai. Khalid Ibn Waleed ko baad me samajh aata hai ke Musalman main raasta chorrhh, doosre raste se Makkah ke taraf pahunch rahe hain, aur wo wapas aa kar Quraish ko bata dete hain ke aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) Musalmano ke saath aa rahe hain.
Hudaibiya Pahunchte hi, aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ki oottni, Qaswa, Baitth jaati hai aur koshish karne par bhi nahi utthti. Aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) iss ko Allah (سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَىٰ) ki taraf se ek nishani maan kar, fil-waqt, Hudaibiya me rukne ka hukum dete hain. Lekin paani bohot kum tha,[10] Sahih Al Bukhari ki ek hadith me aata hai ke, Al Bara (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُ) farmate hain ke, jab aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ko bataya gaya ke paani khatam ho gaya hai, to aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) Kuwe ke kinare baitth gaye, aur ek bartan me paani laane ko kaha, aur aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) uss pani se kulli ki aur wazoo kiya, aur dua ki - phir baaqi pani ko kuwe me daal diya. Al Bara (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُ) farmate hain ke hum log kuch din ruke rahe Hudaibiya me 1,400 logon ke paani ki zaroorat poori huwi, hamare saath jo janwar the, unn ke pani ki zaroorat poori huwi.[11]
Quraish ke aur aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ke beech me information exchange hota hai;
● Pehle, ek shaks jiss ke qabile ka Musalmano ke sath agreement tha, wo Makkah se Khabar lata hai ke, Quraish Musalmano ko Makkah me andar aane nahi denge, aur wo ladenge jab tak ke, unn ke aakhri sipahi tak. Aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ne uss ko bataya ke Musalman to Umrah karne ke liye aaye hain aur ladne ke liye nahi. Ye khabar Quraish tak pahunchti hai.
● Lekin, ye khabar ke aane se pehle hi, Quraish ek shaks ko apni taraf se bhej diya tha, jaiza lene ke liye aur khabar laane ke liye. Iss shaks ke aane ki khabar par aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) zabiha ke jaanwar aagay bhej kar uss ka isteqbaal karte hain. Wo jaanwaron par lage nishano ko dekh kar samajh jata hai ke Musalmaan Umrah ke liye aye hain na ke jung ke liye, aur wo aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) se mile baghair hi ja kar Quraish ko bata deta hai ke Musalman jung ke liye nahi aye hain. Lekin Quraish ko aise sharait chahiye tha jo unn ko qabool ho.
● Ek aur shaks, Urwa ko Quraish bhejte hain, wo kaafi der tak aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) se baat karta hai aur Musalmano ke padao ka jaiza leta hai aur wo bhi Musalmano se aur khas taur par aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) se impress ho kar chala jata hai aur Musalmano ko Umrah karne dene ke liye Quraish ko amada karta hai.
● Aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) apni taraf se ek shaks ko Quraish ki taraf safeer bana kar bhejte hain, jiss par Quraish hamla karte hain, lekin kuch log beech bachao karke Musalman safeer (envoy ki) jaan bachate hain aur wo Safeer wapas aa kar Rasoolullah (صلى الله عليه وسلم) se kehta hai ke, ek aise shaks ko bhejiye jis par Quraish hamla na kare.
● Aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) mashwara karte hain aur Umar (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُ) ke mashware par Uthman Ibn Affan (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُ) ko bhejte hain, aur Quraish ke log Uthman (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُ) ka isteqbal karte hain, welcome karte hain aur unn se kehte hain ke - aap Umrah kar lijiye lekin jo log Hudaibiyah me ab hain unn ko wo Makkah me daakhil hone nahi denge. Uthman (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُ) akele Umrah karne se inkaar kar dete hain.[12]
Musalman intezaar kar rahe the, Uthman (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُ) ki wapasi ka, lekin unn ko kuch der lagti hai wapas aane me, aur ek afwaah phail jaati hai Quraish ne unn ko maar dala. Musalmaan ek ke baad ek, aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ke haath par haath rakh kar baitth karte hain, qasam khaate hain ke Uthman (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُ) ke khoon ka badla lenge, chaahe hamari jaan hi kyun na chali jaye aur aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ka saath denge iss badle ko poora karne ke liye.
Aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ek babool ke darakht ke neeche baitthe the, iss baitt ko Bait-ur-Rizwan ke naam se jaana jaata hai, aur iss ka zikr Quran me Allah (سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَىٰ) ne Surah Fatah ki 18wi ayat me kaha ke;
“Allah (سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَىٰ) momino se khush ho gaya jab wo darakht ke neeche aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) se Bait kar rahe the, unn ke dilon ka haal Uss ko maloom tha, iss liye Uss ne inn ke dilon par Sukoon nazil farmayee, aur inn ko tohfe ke taur par ek anqareeb fatah dega.”[13]
Quraish ab Suhayl ko bhejte hain, ek Muaheda, Sulahnama, (Treaty) banaye unn ke aur Musalmano ke beech, agreement ke, ya iss muahede ke sharait par yani terms par behas hoti hai aur aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) Ali (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُ) se kehte hain ke Sulahname ke sharait likho;
● Jab aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) kaha pehle likho “Bismillah Ar-Rahman Ar-Raheem” Suhayl ne kaha ke ye Ar-Rahman kaun hai, hum iss ko nahi jaante, likho “Bismika Allahumma” jiss ka matlab “Tere naam ke saath Aye Allah”, Sahaba (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُم) pukaar utthe, ke Wallahi hum Bismillah Ar-Rahman Ar-Raheem hi likhenge, aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ne hukum diya ke “Bismika Allahumma” likho.
● Phir aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ne aagay kaha ke, “Ye muaheda, Muhammadur Rasoolullah (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ke aur Suhayl Ibn Amr ke beech me tai-paya. Iss par Suhayl ne aiteraz kiya ke, “Agar hum ye maante ke aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) Allah ke Rasool hain, to hum aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ko;
○ Makkah me aane se nahi rokte,
○ Aur na hum aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) se Jung karte,
● Balke likho, Muhammad Ibn Abdullah, hum to aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ko issi naam se jaante hain. Jab tak Ali (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُ) Muhammadur Rasoolullah (صلى الله عليه وسلم) likh chuke the, to aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ne unn se kaha ke “Rasool Allah” ko kaat do, to Ali (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُ) ne kaha ke wo inn alfaaz ko apne haath se nahi kaatenge. Aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ne unn se kaha ke batao ye alfaz kahan likhe huwe hai, phir aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ne apne haath se “Rasool Allah” ke alfaaz ko kata. Phir Ali (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُ) ko kaha ke “Ibn Abdullah” likho, jo aap ne likh diya.
● Baaqi ka Sulahnama likha jaane laga, uss ke kuch points ye the;
○ Jung 10 saal ke liye nahi hogi, aur koi ek doosre ko nuqsan pahuchane ki koshish nahi karega,
○ Jo koi Muhammad (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ke paas bhag kar ayega, wo aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) Quraish ko wapas kar denge, aur jo koi Quraish ke paas ayega - Quraish uss ko wapas nahi karenge,
○ Dono party dokhe ka aur ghaddari ka istemaal nahi karenge, kisi bhi maqsad ko hasil karne ke liye,
○ Arab ke Qabilon me se, jo koi Muhammad (صلى الله عليه وسلم) agreement karna chahta hai wo kar sakta hai, aur joi koi Quraish ke saath agreement karna chahta hai wo kar sakta hai.
○ Aur ye agreement inn alfaaz par khatam huwa ke, Muhammad (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ye saal wapas chale jayenge, Umrah karne ki ijazat nahi hai - jab Quraish Makkah me maujood hain, agle saal, Quraish Makkah chhorrh kar bahar jayenge aur aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) apne Sahaba (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُم) ke saath aa kar Makkah me Umrah kar sakte hain, reh sakte hain, sirf teen din tak. Koi hathyaar saath nahi layenge, siway unn hathiyaron ke jo ek Musafir ke paas hote hain, aur talwarein miyan me hona chahiye.
● Ye terms, ye sharait, Sahaba (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُم) ko bardasht nahi ho rahe the, aur wo abhi iss masale se jooj hi rahe the ke, Suhayl ka chhota beta, Abu Jandal, jo Musalman ho gaya tha aur jiss ko Suhayl ne qaid kar rakha tha, wahan par pahunchta hai - iss ummeed me ke Madinah hijrat karega, aur uss ka bada bhai uss ka isteqbaal karne hi wala tha, ke Suhayl uss ko mukka maarta hai aur aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) se kehta hai ke, hamara agreement ho chuka hai, ye shaks ke aane se pehle to aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) iss ko wapas kar denge, jiss par aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) raazi ho jaate hain.
● Abu Jandal, Musalmano ko awaz deta hai ke, kya wo usse dushmano ko de denge? aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) Suhayl se kehte hain ke, ye ek ehsaan ke taur par, iss ek qaidi ko Musalmano ko le jaane do, lekin Suhayl nahi maanta aur Abu Jandal ko wapas kar diya jata hai, ye keh kar ke Sulah Hudaibiyah ho chuki aur wo uss ko todhna nahi chahte, aur Abu Jandal ko sabr karne ka hukum dete hain.
● Rasoolullah (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ke baad, Abu Bakr, Umar, Ali, Abdur Rahman Ibn Awf, Mahmud ibn Maslamah Sulah (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُم) Hudaibiya par dastakhat karte hain.
Aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) Sahaba (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُم) ko hukum dete hain ke wo, Ihram uttaar de aur apne sar mundhwa lein, koi apni jagah se nahi hilta, aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) aur do baar yehi hukum dohraate hain, lekin wo pareshan aur hairat ki nazron se aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ki taraf dekhte hain aur koi apni jagah se nahi hilta. Wo iss liye kyun ke jo arkaan ke Umrah the wo to Makkah me karne ke the, lekin aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) unn ko Makkah se bahar wo arkaan karne ka hukum de rahe hain. Jab aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ne dekha ke koi aap ki baat nahi sunn raha hai to wo apne khaime me chale jaate hain aur Ummul Momineen, Umm Salama (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهَا) ko batate hain. Umm Salama (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهَا) aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ko mashwara deti hain ke - aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) kisi se kuch na kahe, aur aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) apni Qurbani karein.
Rasoolullah (صلى
الله عليه
وسلم)
- Umm Salama (رَضِيَ
ٱللَّٰهُ
عَنْهَا) ke iss mashware par amal karte hain aur apna oontt zibah kar
dete hain, aur aur badi awaz me “Bismillahi Allahu Akbar” keh kar.
Itteba-e-Rasool (صلى الله
عليه وسلم) me Sahaba (رَضِيَ
ٱللَّٰهُ
عَنْهُم) jaldi jaldi daudte hain apni apni Qurbani karne ke liye, phir
aap (صلى
الله عليه
وسلم)
hukum dete hain ke unn ke baal munde jaye, aur Sahaba (رَضِيَ
ٱللَّٰهُ
عَنْهُم) bhi ek doosre ke baal mundhte hain - itteba-e-Rasool (صلى الله
عليه وسلم) me.
Aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) aur Sahaba (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُم) Madinah wapas ho jaate hain aur raaste me Surah Fatah Nazil hoti hai, ye Khushkhabri dete huwe ke,[14]
إِنَّا فَتَحْنَا لَكَ فَتْحًۭا مُّبِينًۭا
“Aye Nabi (صلى الله عليه وسلم) humne aap ko ek khuli huwi Fatah di hai”
Sulah Hudaibiyah ke baad khat-o-kitabat ka daur shuru hota hai, aur yahan contracts follow karna aur record keeping ki importance samajh me aati hai jo aaj bhi relevant hai;
● Kuch aur Musalman Makkah se bhag kar Madina aate hain, aur aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) unn ko agreement ke tahat wapas kar dete hain, aur ye log bhag kar ek 70 logo ki ek gang bana lete hain aur Makkah ke Khafilon par hamla karte hain, Quraish aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ko letter likhte hain ke inn Musalmano ko Madina bula lijiye, aur hum inn ko lautane ka demand nahi karenge. Aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) khat ke zariye, iss Musalman gang ko hukum dete hain Madina aane ke liye.
● Aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) Abyssinia me Negus ko, yani Habsha ke badesha Al Najjashi ko khat likhte hain, aur wahan ke Musalmano ko Madina aane ka hukum dete hain, Al-Najjashi pehle hi Musalman ho gaya tha.
● Aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ne Yemen ke Viceroy, Badhan ko khat likha, apne Nabi hone ki khabar di aur Islam me dakhil hone ki dawat di, jo aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ki dawat ko qabool kar leta hai aur aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) uss ko Yemen ke ruler ki tarah muqarrar karte hain, appoint karte hain.
● Aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ne Persia, Faras ke Khusro ko khat likha, apne Nabi hone ki khabar di, aur Islam me dakhil hone ki dawat di, Khusro ne aap Aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ke khat ko phaad dala, jab ye khabar aap Aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ko mili to aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ne dua ki ke Aye Allah, tu bhi iss ke saltanat ko phaad de.
● Aap Aap (صلى
الله عليه
وسلم)
ne Syria me Roman Badeshah Ceasar ko, yani Rumi badeshah Qaisar ko, aur
Alexandria me Egypt ke badesha Muqawqis ko, khutoot likhe aur Islam ki dawat
di.
Yehi wo waqt tha ke, Makkah aur Madina ke log aman aur sukoon se rehne lage, aur ek doosre se milne lage, aur Musalmano ki abadi double ho gayee.[15]
Iss daur me, Yahoodi aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ki jaan lene ke liye - Labid ko rishwat dete hain, aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) par jaadu karne ke liye aur Surah Al Falaq aur Surah An Nas nazil hoti hain. Ye jaadu ka karwana, Banu Nadr ke yahoodiyon ki chal thi, na sirf ye ek hamla tha aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ki zindagi par, doosre wujoohat bhi the jaise ke;
● Jung-e-Khaibar bhi thi - Banu Nadr ki wajah se hi uss paimane par ho saki, warna to dushman ki fauj aadhi bhi na ho paati,
● Aur Banu Nadr ke bhadkaawe ki wajah se hi, doosre qareebi qabile, Ghatafan jaise Madinah ko nukhsaan pahunchane aur jung ke liye hamesha tayyar rehne lage,
● Iss liye Banu Nadr aur unn ke Khaibar ke Rishtedar qabile walon par action lena zaroori ho gaya tha.
Aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) raat me safar karte aur bohot hi khamoshi se aur dushman ko khabar mile baghair Khaibar pahunchte hain aur muhasara karte hain, Khaibar me alag alag qile the, jo kamzor qile the unn par pehle hamla kiya aur wahan se kuch hathyar mile jo qilon par hamla karne ke kaam aye. Ek ke baad ek qile aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ne fatah kiye aur akhir me jo sab se mazboot khila tha uss ka muhasara kiya, 2 hafte baad Banu Nadr ke sardar ne aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) se agreement kiya ke sara maal Khaibar ka aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ka huwa aur wo Khaibar chhorrh kar chale gaye. Doosre do aur qile wale bhi iss agreement par hathyar daal dete hain aur aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) unn do qile walon ko wahan rehne dete hain, iss shart par ke wo aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ko salana paidawaar ka adha hissa tax ke taur par denge.
Khaibar ki jung ke baad chote-bade expeditions aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) bhejte hain, aur issi tarah ek saal ka arsa poora hota hai Sulah Hudaibiya ko huwe aur Umrah ki baari aati hai, teen din tak Quraish apne gharon ko chhorh kar Makkah ke bahar chale jaate hain aur 2000 Musalman Umrah karne ke baad Madinah wapas hote hain. Aur yehi waqt hai 7AH me, jab ke Khalid Ibn Waleed aur Amr Ibn Al Aas Musalman hote hain.[16]
Syria ke border par kuch military action ki zaroorat hoti hai aur Khalid ibn Waleed aur Amr Ibn Al Aas ke skills Musalmano ke kaam aate hain. Ye military expeditions Heraclius tak pahunchte hain aur uss waqt aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ka khat bhi uss tak pahunchta hai, wo khud to Musalman ho jata hai lekin uss ki qaum Islam nahi qabool karti.[17]
Sulah Hudaibiyah ke bawajood, kuch Makkah ke allies Bakr ke qabile wale, unn ke purane dushman Khuzaáh qabile walon par hamla karte hain, jo ke Musalmano ke Allies the aur ek Khuzaá ke shaks ki maut ho jaati hai, aur ye mamela kuch Makkah ke qareeb aur kuch Makkah ke andar hota hai, Quraish ke kuch log hathyar se iss hamle me madad karte hain aur ek ya do log iss hamle me shamil bhi hote hain. Iss ki khabar Khuzaa Qabile wale aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) tak pahunchate hain aur aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) bohot ghussa hote hain.
Quraish ko iss waqiye se bohot pareshani hoti hai aur wo Abu Sufyan ko bhejte hain aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ko tasalli dene ke liye, aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) Abu Sufyan ki baat nahi sunte, to wo apni beti - Ummul Momineen Umm Habiba (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهَا) ke paas jaate hain jo unn ki madad karne se inkaar kar deti hain, phir Abu Sufyan Abu Bakr aur deegar sahaba (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُم) ke paas jaate hain taake Sulah Hudaibiyah ke muahede ko barqarar rakhne ke liye Rasoolullah (صلى الله عليه وسلم) se minnat kare. Lekin Sahaba (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُم) ko pata tha ke jab Rasoolullah (صلى الله عليه وسلم) kisi mamele ka irada kar lete the to uss ko wo poora karte the aur koi unn ko uss faisle se nahi hatta sakta tha.
Abu Sufyan thak-haar ke Makkah wapas ho jaate hain, aur Rasoolullah (صلى الله عليه وسلم) Quraish ke khilaaf muhim par nikalne ki tayyari karte hain aur Abu Bakr (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُ) ke poochne par unko bhi tayyari karne ki ijazat dete hain. Abu Bakr (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُ) poochte hain ke kya Sulah ka waqt khatam hone tak intezaar nahi karenge, to aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ne farmaya ke unhone hume dhoka diya aur Sulah ke Muahede ko toda aur main unn par hamla karoonga. Aur aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) Abu Bakr (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُ) se kehte hain ke iss baat ko apne tak hi rakho, aur har shaks ko, jo wo chahe sonchne do. Phir aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) dua karte hain ke, Aye Allah! Quraish se iss khabar ko chhupaiyye ke hum kahan ja rahe hain, taakay hum unn ki zameen me achanak pahunche - taakay wo tayyari na kar paye.
Aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ki ye dua ki qabooliyat iss tarah huwi ke, aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ko Allah SWT ki taraf se khabar hoti hai ke, Madinah se ek letter Quraish ko bheja ja chuka hai - jo batata hai ke aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) Makkah par hamla karne wale hain. Aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) Ali aur Az-Zubair (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُم) ko bhejte hain uss aurat ko pakadne ke liye jo uss khat ko apne balon me chhupa kar le ja rahi thi, aur wo uss khat ko pahunchne se rok lete hain.
Phir aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ne chand bharosemand qabilo ko apni fauj bhejne ko kaha, ke Ramadan ke shuru me wo Madinah me rahe. Ek bohot hi badi fauj, hasb-e-hisaab muqarrar din ko jama hoti hai, koi Musalman pichhe nahi raha, sab ke sab shamil ho gaye, aur jab fauj nikli Madina se to aur log raste me jama huwe, poore mila kar 10,000 aur 800 se zyada ghod-sawar ki fauj chal padi aur kisi ko nahi maloom dushman kaun hai, siway kuch qareebi sahaba (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُم) ke.
Abhi ye fauj adhe raaste me thi, aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ke chacha Abbas aur unn ki family milte hain aur wo bhi khafile ke saath ho jaate hain. Phir aur rishte daar aate hain, aur aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) se apni kartoot ki maafi maangte hain aur Musalman ho jaate hain. Raste me aur ghod sawaron ki tukdi jiss me 900 ghod-sawar hote hain wo fauj me mil jaati hai aur log apne apne parcham lehrane ki ijazat maangte hain, aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) unhe ijazat nahi dete, kyun ke wo batana nahi chahte the ke, aya ye ek khafila hai ya ek fauj, aur wo kahan ja rahe hain - ye kisi ko khabar nahi thi.
Makkah ke qareeb aa kar aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) logon ko hukum dete hain ke apna roza kholne ke liye, aur uss ki wajah aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) batate hain ke unhe dushman se ladna hai. Ab yahan log sonchne lage ke, Makkah to ek din ka rasta hai, lekin Sulah Hudaibiya ke chalte, aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) Makkah par to hamla nahi kar sakte, aur log alag alag guman karne lage.
Doosri taraf Taif me Hawazin ke qabile ye guman kar rahe the ke aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) badi fauj le kar unn par hamla karne wale hain aur wo tayyari karne lage, Makkah wale jaante the ke unhone muaheda toda hai aur jab raat ka waqt huwa to aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ne tamam logon se kaha ke har ek shaks aag jalayega, aur 10,000 camp fires ka matlab fauj ki tedad bohot badi hone ka signal Makkah walon ko mila, aur wo emergency meeting karte hain aur ye tay karte hain ke Abu Sufyan ja kar aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) se baat karna chahiye.
Abu Sufyan aur unn ke sathiyon ko Musalmano ke khaimo ke bahar chacha Abbas milte hai, jo unhe Rasoolullah (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ke paas le jaate hain, aur aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) unhe keh dete hain ke Allah SWT ki madad se Makkah Fatah ho jayega aur Hawazin ka khatema hoga, to behtar hai ke “La ilaha Illa Allah, Muhammadur Rasoolullah” ko tasleem kar lo. Teeno Islam qabool kar lete hain.[18]
Fajr ke baad Rasoolullah (صلى الله عليه وسلم) fauj ko hukum dete hai agay badhne ke liye aur fauj ki har tukdi ka parcham aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ke chune huwe admi ke hawale kar dete hain, aur chacha Abbas ko hukum dete hain ke wo Abu Sufyan ko Makka ke entrance par roke rakhe, takay wo saari ki saari fauj ko saamne se jaate dekhe, har ek tukdi jo samne se jaati uss par Abu Sufyan poochte ye kaun hai aur chacha Abbas batate unn ke naam aur tedad. Taqreeban saare Arab ki fauj aaj ke din aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ke saath Makkah me daakhil ho rahi thi, kuch qabile Quraish ki pohonch se bahar the, kuch unn ke saathi huwa karte the, ab wo Musalman ho gaye to Musalmano ki fauj ke saath ho gaye.
Aakhri dasta aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ka tha, jiss ko Sa’d ibn Ubadah lead kar rahe the, aur jiss me Muhajireen aur Ansar the, jaisa hi wo Abu Sufyan ke paas se guzre, Sa’d ibn Ubadah ne kaha; Aye Abu Sufyan “aaj ke din qatl-e-aam hoga”, Abu Sufyan aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ko sunate hain, jo Sa’d ne kaha, to aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) jawab dete hain ke, “Aaj Rehmat ka din hai, aur aaj ke din Allah SWT ne Quraish ko izzat bakhshi”, phir aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ko Umar aur Abdur Rahman ibn Awf (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُم) Mashwara dete hain ke, kahin aisa na ho ke Sa’d achanak hamla kar de, aur Rasoolullah (صلى الله عليه وسلم) unn ko hukum dete hain ke wo fauj ki iss tukdi ka parcham, apne bete Qais ko dede, jo narm mizaj the.
Jab fauj guzar gayee, tab Abu Sufyan (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُ) Makkah me jaa kar, apne ghar ke bahar khade ho kar, logon me ailan karte hain ke, aye logo Muhammad (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ki fauj bohot badi hai aur hum uss ka muqabela nahi kar sakte, Rasoolullah (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ne mujh se kaha, ye batane ko ke, “jo koi Abu Sufyan ke ghar me hai, wo mahfooz hai, jo koi apne ghar ka darwaza band kar le aur andar baittha rahe, wo mehfooz hai, jo koi Masjid-e-Haram me hai, wo mehfooz hai.
Ab fauj Makkah me dakhil hone ke liye tayyar thi, aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) hukum dete hai ke Makkah me chaaron raston se dakhil honge, aur ye fauj chaar daston me takhseem ki gayi aur aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ka sar neeche tha ke aap ki daadhi seene ko lag rahi thi, ye Allah SWT ke shukrane me tha. Aur Shamail Muhammadiya ki ek hadith ke mutabiq aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) Surah Fatah ki pehli do ayat ki tilawat kar rahe the; “Inna Fatahna Laka Fathan Mubeen”[19]
Quraish ke nau-jawano ki chhoti si fauj ki tukdi uss jagah par thi, jahan se Khalid ibn Waleed dakhil huwe, Quraish ki iss tukdi ne hamla kiya aur kuch 30 Quraish ke sipahi mare gaye, jab aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) doosri taraf se dakhil huwe to wo talwaron ko nikla dekh kar gussa ho gaye, farmaya ke, “kya maine mana nahi kiya tha, hamla karne se”, aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ko bataya gaya ke kya huwa, tab aap ne farmaya ke “Allah SWT ne behtreen logon ke liye muqarrar kiya tha”.
aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ke liye ek khaima khada kiya jaata, jahan par aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) se unki cousin aur Ali (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُ) ki behen milti hain, wo aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) se ijazat maangti hai ke wo 2 mushrikon ko apne ghar me panah de rahi hai, aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ne farmaya, tum jis ko aman do gi hum bhi uss se aman me hain, aur tum jis ki hifazat karogi, hum bhi uss ki hifazat karenge, phir aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ne 8 rakat duha ya ishraq ki namaz parrhi aur aram kiya.
Phir aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) Kaba ki taraf jaate hain aur tawaf karte hain, aur Hajr-e-aswad ko apne asa se, apni walking stick lagate hain aur takbeer kehte hain, aur ye takbeer Musalman bhi dohrate hain aur poora Makkah takbeer se goonj utth’ta hai. Phir aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) butto’n ko todhte hain jo Kaba ke atraaf me khade the, tawaf ka aakhri chakkar lagane ke baad aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) Maqam-e-Ibrahim par namaz parrhte hain, phir aap zamzam ke kuwe par jaate hain aur chacha Abbas aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ko zamzam pilate hain, aur jo purana dastoor tha - Bani Hashim Hajion ko pani pilaane ka haq, aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) unn ko wapas dete hain.
Phir Ali (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُ) Kaba ki kunji laate hain, to chacha Abbas kunji ki hifazat ka zimma, aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) se maangte hain aur aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) farmate hain ke, jiss qabile ka jo haq tha, wo haq main uss qabile ko lauta doonga, na ke kisi ka haq chheen kar, kisi aur ko doon. Phir aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ne Abd Ad-Dar ke Uthman Ibn Talha, ko bulaya aur unn ke qabile ka haq unhe wapas kar diya aur aaj tak wohi qabile ke paas Kaba ki kunji ki zimmadari hai. Aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) Kaba ke andar jaate hain aur waha par rakhe images ko mitaane ka hukum dete hain.
Phir aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) bahar aate hain, aur jo log Masjid me aur apne gharo me panah liye the, wo ab aa kar Kaba ke sehan me jama ho gaye, aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ne unn se khitab kiya aur poocha ke tum “kya kehte ho aur kya sonchte ho”, unhone jawab diya ke “Hum acha kehte hain aur acha sonchte hain: Ek nek aur shareef Bhai ki tarah, jo aur ek nek aur shareef bhai ka beta hai, hum aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ke hukum ke mohtaj hain” aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ne kaha ke, main tum se wohi kehta hoon, jo Yousuf AS ne apne bhaiyyon se kaha tha, phir aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ne Surah Yousuf ki 92 ayat tilawat ki, aur aam maafi dedi.
Phir aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ne hukum diya ke Hubul ke gire huwe butt ko todh ko, phir aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ne ailan kiya ke jiss kisi ke paas koi butt hai unke gharon me to wo todh de, phir aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) Safa ki pahadi par jaate hain - jahan se aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ne deen ki pehli dawat di thi, aur waha log jo ab tak dushman the aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ke wo Islam qabool karne ke liye agaye, inn ki tedad sawon me thi, aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ne sab ko maaf kar diya;
● Abu Sufyan ki biwi, Hind, Islam qabool karti hai aur aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) unn ka isteqbaal karte hain, welcome karte hain,
● Abu Jahl ki bahu, Umm Hakim, Islam qabool karti hai aur aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) se apne miya Ikrima ke liye protection maangti hai, jo aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) dete hain,
● Phir aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) Abu Lahab ke beton ke baare me poochte hain, chacha Abbas unn ko aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ke saamne pesh karte hain aur wo bhi Islam qabool karte hain, aur aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) unn ke liye dua karte hain,
Phir aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) Khalid ibn Waleed ko Nakhlah ke muqaam par, wahan ke butt ko khatam karne ke liye bhejte hain, jo wo kar ke wapas aate hain, to aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ne Khalid se poocha ke kya tumne uss ko nahi dekha, wo kehte hain ke unhone kuch aur nahi dekha. aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) unn ko wapas bhejte hain, aur wahan Al-Uzza naam ki kaali aurat huwa karti thi, jo barhana rehti thi aur log uss ko maante aur poojte the, Khalid RA uss ka qatl kar dete hain aur shirk ki ye zinda butt ko khatam karte hain, aise hi doosre aur butto ko khatam karne ke liye aur sahaba RA ko bhejte hain.
Poore ka poore Makkah Islam qabool kar leta hai, siway chand logon ke, inn ko aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) 4 mahine ki mohlat dete hain aur iss dauran, Safwan Musalman hote hain, Abu Jahl ka beta Musalman hota hai, Suhayl jo Sulah Hudaibiya ka agreement kiya tha, wo Musalman hota hai.[20]
Ab yahan Fatah Makkah ka zikr khatam huwa, agay sirf ye kehna hai ke, ye jo Musalmano aur Quraish ke beech jo masala tha, iss ke hal hone ka log intezar kar rahe the, aur jaise hi pata chala ke aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) jeet gaye - iss ke baad log tezi se Islam me dakhil hone lage, aur bhi junge huwi, aur Musalmano ko fatah mili. Tabuk jo Syria ke border par hai, wahan bhi aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) fauj le kar jaate hain lekin - dushman nahi aata, ye sare waqiyat Hajjatul wada se pehle ke hain, jahan ye Surah An Nasr nazil huwi. Aur aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ka mission ikhtetaam ko pahuncha.
[1] Sa'd b. Hisham b. 'Amir decided to participate in the expedition for the sake of Allah, so he came to Medina and he decided to dispose of his property there and buy arms and horses instead and fight against the Romans to the end of his life. When he came to Medina, he met the people of Medina. They dissuaded him to do such a thing, and informed him that a group of six men had decided to do so during the lifetime of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) and the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) forbade them to do it, and said: Is there not for you a model pattern in me? And when they narrated this to him (Sa'd b. Hisham), he returned to his wife, though he had divorced her and made (people) witness to his reconciliation. He then came to Ibn 'Abbas and asked him about the Witr of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ). Ibn 'Abbas said: Should I not lead you to one who knows best amongst the people of the world about the Witr of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ)? He said: Who is it? He (Ibn 'Abbas) said: It is 'A'isha. So go to her and ask her (about Witr) and then come to me and inform me about her answer that she would give you. So I came to Hakim b. Aflah and requested him to take me to her. He said: I would not go to her, for I forbade her to speak anything (about the conflict) between the two groupS, but she refused (to accept my advice) and went (to participate in that corflict). I (requested) him (Hakim) with an oath to lead me to her. So we went to 'A'isha and we begged permission to meet her. She granted us permission and we went in. She said: Are you Hakim? (She recognised him.) He replied: Yes. She said: Who is there with you? He said: He is Sa'd b. Hisham. She said: Which Hisham? He said: He is Hisham b. 'Amir. She blessed him ('Amir) with mercy from Allah and spoke good of him (Qatada said that he died as a martyr in Uhud). I said: Mother of the Faithful, tell me about the character of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ). She said: Don't you read the Qur'an? I said: Yes. Upon this she said: The character of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) was the Qur'an. He said: I felt inclined to get up and not ask anything (further) till death. But then I changed my mind and said: Inform me about the observance (of the night prayer) of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ). She said: Did you not recite:" O thou wrapped up"? He said: Yes. She said: Allah, the Exalted and the Glorious, made the observance of the night prayer at the beginning of this Surah obligatory. So the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him and his Companions around him observed this (night prayer) for one year. Allah held back the concluding portion of this Surah for twelve months in the Heaven till (at the end of this period) Allah revealed the concluding verses of this Surah which lightened (the burden of this prayer), and the night prayer became a supererogatory prayer after being an obligatory one. I said: Mother of the Faithful, inform me about the Witr of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ). She said: I used to prepare tooth stick for him and water for his ablution, and Allah would rouse him to the extent He wished during the night. He would use the tooth stick, and perform ablution, and would offer nine rak'ahs, and would not sit but in the eighth one and would remember Allah, and praise Him and supplicate Him, then he would get up without uttering the salutation and pray the ninth rak'ah. He would then sit, remember, praise Him and supplicate Him and then utter a salutation loud enough for us to hear. He would then pray two rak'ahs sitting after uttering the salutation, and that made eleven rak'ahs. O my son, but when the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) grew old and put on flesh, he observed Witr of seven, doing in the two rak'ahs as he had done formerly, and that made nine. O my son, and when the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) observed prayer, he liked to keep on observing it, and when sleep or pain overpowered him and made it impossible (for him) to observe prayer in the night, he prayed twelve rak'ahs daring the day. I am not aware of Allah's Prophet (ﷺ) having recited the whole Qur'an during one single night, or praying through the night till morning, or fasting a complete month, except Ramadan. He (the narrator) said: I then went to Ibn 'Abbas and narrated to him the hadith (transmitted from her), and he said: She says the truth If I went to her and got into her presence, I would have listened to it orally from her. He said: If I were to know that you do not go to her. I would not have transmitted this hadith to you narrated by her.
حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْمُثَنَّى الْعَنَزِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي عَدِيٍّ، عَنْ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ زُرَارَةَ، أَنَّ سَعْدَ بْنَ هِشَامِ بْنِ عَامِرٍ، أَرَادَ أَنْ يَغْزُوَ، فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ فَقَدِمَ الْمَدِينَةَ فَأَرَادَ أَنْ يَبِيعَ عَقَارًا لَهُ بِهَا فَيَجْعَلَهُ فِي السِّلاَحِ وَالْكُرَاعِ وَيُجَاهِدَ الرُّومَ حَتَّى يَمُوتَ فَلَمَّا قَدِمَ الْمَدِينَةَ لَقِيَ أُنَاسًا مِنْ أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ فَنَهَوْهُ عَنْ ذَلِكَ وَأَخْبَرُوهُ أَنَّ رَهْطًا سِتَّةً أَرَادُوا ذَلِكَ فِي حَيَاةِ نَبِيِّ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم فَنَهَاهُمْ نَبِيُّ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم وَقَالَ " أَلَيْسَ لَكُمْ فِيَّ أُسْوَةٌ " . فَلَمَّا حَدَّثُوهُ بِذَلِكَ رَاجَعَ امْرَأَتَهُ وَقَدْ كَانَ طَلَّقَهَا وَأَشْهَدَ عَلَى رَجْعَتِهَا فَأَتَى ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ فَسَأَلَهُ عَنْ وِتْرِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم فَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ أَلاَ أَدُلُّكَ عَلَى أَعْلَمِ أَهْلِ الأَرْضِ بِوِتْرِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم قَالَ مَنْ قَالَ عَائِشَةُ . فَأْتِهَا فَاسْأَلْهَا ثُمَّ ائْتِنِي فَأَخْبِرْنِي بِرَدِّهَا عَلَيْكَ فَانْطَلَقْتُ إِلَيْهَا فَأَتَيْتُ عَلَى حَكِيمِ بْنِ أَفْلَحَ فَاسْتَلْحَقْتُهُ إِلَيْهَا فَقَالَ مَا أَنَا بِقَارِبِهَا لأَنِّي نَهَيْتُهَا أَنْ تَقُولَ فِي هَاتَيْنِ الشِّيعَتَيْنِ شَيْئًا فَأَبَتْ فِيهِمَا إِلاَّ مُضِيًّا . - قَالَ - فَأَقْسَمْتُ عَلَيْهِ فَجَاءَ فَانْطَلَقْنَا إِلَى عَائِشَةَ فَاسْتَأْذَنَّا عَلَيْهَا فَأَذِنَتْ لَنَا فَدَخَلْنَا عَلَيْهَا . فَقَالَتْ أَحَكِيمٌ فَعَرَفَتْهُ . فَقَالَ نَعَمْ . فَقَالَتْ مَنْ مَعَكَ قَالَ سَعْدُ بْنُ هِشَامٍ . قَالَتْ مَنْ هِشَامٌ قَالَ ابْنُ عَامِرٍ فَتَرَحَّمَتْ عَلَيْهِ وَقَالَتْ خَيْرًا - قَالَ قَتَادَةُ وَكَانَ أُصِيبَ يَوْمَ أُحُدٍ . فَقُلْتُ يَا أُمَّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَنْبِئِينِي عَنْ خُلُقِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم . قَالَتْ أَلَسْتَ تَقْرَأُ الْقُرْآنَ قُلْتُ بَلَى . قَالَتْ فَإِنَّ خُلُقَ نَبِيِّ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم كَانَ الْقُرْآنَ . - قَالَ - فَهَمَمْتُ أَنْ أَقُومَ وَلاَ أَسْأَلَ أَحَدًا عَنْ شَىْءٍ حَتَّى أَمُوتَ ثُمَّ بَدَا لِي فَقُلْتُ أَنْبِئِينِي عَنْ قِيَامِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم . فَقَالَتْ أَلَسْتَ تَقْرَأُ { يَا أَيُّهَا الْمُزَّمِّلُ} قُلْتُ بَلَى . قَالَتْ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ افْتَرَضَ قِيَامَ اللَّيْلِ فِي أَوَّلِ هَذِهِ السُّورَةِ فَقَامَ نَبِيُّ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم وَأَصْحَابُهُ حَوْلاً وَأَمْسَكَ اللَّهُ خَاتِمَتَهَا اثْنَىْ عَشَرَ شَهْرًا فِي السَّمَاءِ حَتَّى أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ فِي آخِرِ هَذِهِ السُّورَةِ التَّخْفِيفَ فَصَارَ قِيَامُ اللَّيْلِ تَطَوُّعًا بَعْدَ فَرِيضَةٍ . - قَالَ - قُلْتُ يَا أُمَّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَنْبِئِينِي عَنْ وِتْرِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم . فَقَالَتْ كُنَّا نُعِدُّ لَهُ سِوَاكَهُ وَطَهُورَهُ فَيَبْعَثُهُ اللَّهُ مَا شَاءَ أَنْ يَبْعَثَهُ مِنَ اللَّيْلِ فَيَتَسَوَّكُ وَيَتَوَضَّأُ وَيُصَلِّي تِسْعَ رَكَعَاتٍ لاَ يَجْلِسُ فِيهَا إِلاَّ فِي الثَّامِنَةِ فَيَذْكُرُ اللَّهَ وَيَحْمَدُهُ وَيَدْعُوهُ ثُمَّ يَنْهَضُ وَلاَ يُسَلِّمُ ثُمَّ يَقُومُ فَيُصَلِّي التَّاسِعَةَ ثُمَّ يَقْعُدُ فَيَذْكُرُ اللَّهَ وَيَحْمَدُهُ وَيَدْعُوهُ ثُمَّ يُسَلِّمُ تَسْلِيمًا يُسْمِعُنَا ثُمَّ يُصَلِّي رَكْعَتَيْنِ بَعْدَ مَا يُسَلِّمُ وَهُوَ قَاعِدٌ فَتِلْكَ إِحْدَى عَشْرَةَ رَكْعَةً يَا بُنَىَّ فَلَمَّا أَسَنَّ نَبِيُّ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم وَأَخَذَ اللَّحْمَ أَوْتَرَ بِسَبْعٍ وَصَنَعَ فِي الرَّكْعَتَيْنِ مِثْلَ صَنِيعِهِ الأَوَّلِ فَتِلْكَ تِسْعٌ يَا بُنَىَّ وَكَانَ نَبِيُّ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم إِذَا صَلَّى صَلاَةً أَحَبَّ أَنْ يُدَاوِمَ عَلَيْهَا وَكَانَ إِذَا غَلَبَهُ نَوْمٌ أَوْ وَجَعٌ عَنْ قِيَامِ اللَّيْلِ صَلَّى مِنَ النَّهَارِ ثِنْتَىْ عَشْرَةَ رَكْعَةً وَلاَ أَعْلَمُ نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم قَرَأَ الْقُرْآنَ كُلَّهُ فِي لَيْلَةٍ وَلاَ صَلَّى لَيْلَةً إِلَى الصُّبْحِ وَلاَ صَامَ شَهْرًا كَامِلاً غَيْرَ رَمَضَانَ . - قَالَ - فَانْطَلَقْتُ إِلَى ابْنِ عَبَّاسِ فَحَدَّثْتُهُ بِحَدِيثِهَا فَقَالَ صَدَقَتْ لَوْ كُنْتُ أَقْرَبُهَا أَوْ أَدْخُلُ عَلَيْهَا لأَتَيْتُهَا حَتَّى تُشَافِهَنِي بِهِ . - قَالَ - قُلْتُ لَوْ عَلِمْتُ أَنَّكَ لاَ تَدْخُلُ عَلَيْهَا مَا حَدَّثْتُكَ حَدِيثَهَا .
Reference : Sahih Muslim 746a
In-book reference : Book 6, Hadith 168
USC-MSA web (English) reference : Book 4, Hadith 1623
[2] See Tafseer Surah Al Masad
[3] Martin Lings, Muhammad (صلى الله عليه وسلم) His Life Based on the Earliest Sources, Inner Traditions, Pages 175-176
[4] Martin Lings, Muhammad (صلى الله عليه وسلم) His Life Based on the Earliest Sources, Inner Traditions, Pages 177-184
[5] Martin Lings, Muhammad (صلى الله عليه وسلم) His Life Based on the Earliest Sources, Inner Traditions, Pages 185-193
[6] Martin Lings, Muhammad (صلى الله عليه وسلم) His Life Based on the Earliest Sources, Inner Traditions, Pages 209-221
[7] Martin Lings, Muhammad (صلى الله عليه وسلم) His Life Based on the Earliest Sources, Inner Traditions, Pages 222-226
[8] Martin Lings, Muhammad (صلى الله عليه وسلم) His Life Based on the Earliest Sources, Inner Traditions, Pages 227-235
[9] Martin Lings, Muhammad (صلى الله عليه وسلم) His Life Based on the Earliest Sources, Inner Traditions, Pages 237-241
[10] Martin Lings, Muhammad (صلى الله عليه وسلم) His Life Based on the Earliest Sources, Inner Traditions, Pages 255-256
[11] Narrated Al-Bara: Do you (people) consider the conquest of Mecca, the Victory (referred to in the Qur'an 48: 1). Was the conquest of Mecca a victory? We really consider that the actual Victory was the Ar-Ridwan Pledge of allegiance which we gave on the day of Al-Hudaibiya (to the Prophet) . On the day of Al-Hudaibiya we were fourteen hundred men along with the Prophet (ﷺ) Al-Hudaibiya was a well, the water of which we used up leaving not a single drop of water in it. When the Prophet (ﷺ) was informed of that, he came and sat on its edge. Then he asked for a utensil of water, performed ablution from it, rinsed (his mouth), invoked (Allah), and poured the remaining water into the well. We stayed there for a while and then the well brought forth what we required of water for ourselves and our riding animals.
حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُوسَى، عَنْ إِسْرَائِيلَ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنِ الْبَرَاءِ ـ رضى الله عنه ـ قَالَ تَعُدُّونَ أَنْتُمُ الْفَتْحَ فَتْحَ مَكَّةَ، وَقَدْ كَانَ فَتْحُ مَكَّةَ فَتْحًا، وَنَحْنُ نَعُدُّ الْفَتْحَ بَيْعَةَ الرُّضْوَانِ يَوْمَ الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ. كُنَّا مَعَ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم أَرْبَعَ عَشْرَةَ مِائَةً، وَالْحُدَيْبِيَةُ بِئْرٌ فَنَزَحْنَاهَا، فَلَمْ نَتْرُكْ فِيهَا قَطْرَةً، فَبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ النَّبِيَّ صلى الله عليه وسلم فَأَتَاهَا، فَجَلَسَ عَلَى شَفِيرِهَا، ثُمَّ دَعَا بِإِنَاءٍ مِنْ مَاءٍ فَتَوَضَّأَ ثُمَّ مَضْمَضَ وَدَعَا، ثُمَّ صَبَّهُ فِيهَا فَتَرَكْنَاهَا غَيْرَ بَعِيدٍ ثُمَّ إِنَّهَا أَصْدَرَتْنَا مَا شِئْنَا نَحْنُ وَرِكَابَنَا.
Sahih al-Bukhari 4150
[12] Martin Lings, Muhammad (صلى الله عليه وسلم) His Life Based on the Earliest Sources, Inner Traditions, Pages 257-259
[13] Safi-ur-Rahman al Mubarakpoori, Ar-Raheeq Al-Maktoum, Darus Salam Publications,
[14] Martin Lings, Muhammad (صلى الله عليه وسلم) His Life Based on the Earliest Sources, Inner Traditions, Pages 260-264
[15] Martin Lings, Muhammad (صلى الله عليه وسلم) His Life Based on the Earliest Sources, Inner Traditions, Pages 265-270
[16] Martin Lings, Muhammad (صلى الله عليه وسلم) His Life Based on the Earliest Sources, Inner Traditions, Pages 271-277
[17] Martin Lings, Muhammad (صلى الله عليه وسلم) His Life Based on the Earliest Sources, Inner Traditions, Pages 283-303
[18] Martin Lings, Muhammad (صلى الله عليه وسلم) His Life Based on the Earliest Sources, Inner Traditions, Pages 304-309
[19] Abdu’llah ibn Mughaffal said: "I saw the Prophet (Allah bless him and give him peace) on his she-camel on the Day of Victory, and he was reciting: “We have surely given you a clear victory, so that Allah may forgive you your former and your latter sins [innafatahna la-kafat'han mubina li-yaghfira la-ka ’llahu ma taqaddama min dhanbi-ka wa ma ta’akhkhara].” (Al Qur'an 48:1-2) He recited in a quivering voice.”
حَدَّثَنَا مَحْمُودُ بْنُ غَيْلانَ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ قُرَّةَ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ عَبْدَ اللهِ بْنَ مُغَفَّلٍ، يَقُولُ: رَأَيْتُ النَّبِيَّ صلى الله عليه وسلم، عَلَى نَاقَتِهِ يَوْمَ الْفَتْحِ، وَهُوَ يَقْرَأُ: إِنَّا فَتَحْنَا لَكَ فَتْحًا مُبِينًا لِيَغْفِرَ لَكَ اللَّهُ مَا تَقَدَّمَ مِنْ ذَنْبِكَ وَمَا تَأَخَّرَ، قَالَ: فَقَرَأَ وَرَجَّعَ، قَالَ: وَقَالَ مُعَاوِيَةُ بْنُ قُرَّةَ: لَوْلا أَنْ يَجْتَمِعَ النَّاسُ عَلَيَّ لأَخَذْتُ لَكُمْ فِي ذَلِكَ الصَّوْتِ أَوْ قَالَ: اللَّحْنِ.
Grade: Sahih Isnād (Zubair `Aliza'i)
Reference : Ash-Shama'il Al-Muhammadiyah 318
In-book reference : Book 44, Hadith 6
[20] Martin Lings, Muhammad (صلى الله عليه وسلم) His Life Based on the Earliest Sources, Inner Traditions, Pages 310-316