Tafseer Surah al-Baqarah Part 1

Tafseer Surah al-Baqarah Part 1


Aoozu Billahi as-Samee al-Aleemi minash Shaitanir Rajeem

Bismillah Alhamdulillah was salaatu was salaamu ala rasoolillah

Rabbish sharah li sadri wa yassirli amri wahlul uqdatam min lisaani wa yafqahu qauli

As Salaamu Alaikum wa Rahmatullahi wa Barakaatuhu

Pichle Dars me humne, Surah al-Fatiha ki tafseer ka aathwa aur aakhri hissa suna, aur aaj hum Surah al-Baqarah ka introduction aur chand ayaat ki tafseer sunenge;

Introduction

Surah al-Baqarah Quran ki doosri Surat hai. Iss surah ka naam Surah al-Baqarah (The Cow) iss liye parrh gaya kyun ke, iss surat ki 67 se 73 ayaat me Bani Israeel ka ek waqiya darj hai, jis me Gaaye ka zikr hai. Maulana Maududi apni tafseer me likhte hain ke, Surah al-Baqarah ko al-Baqarah hi kehna chahiye, kyun ke, ye title poore surah ke subjects ko represent nahi kar raha hai, balke ek qisse ki wajah se iss ka naam al-Baqarah parrh gaya hai.[1]

Ek lambi hadith ka yehi mazmoon hai, kisi ne kaha ke Surah al-Baqarah nahi kehna chahiye, balke ye kehna chahiye ke, wo surah jiss me al-Baqarah ka zikr hai. Lekin iss hadith se pata chalta hai ke, Sahaba (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُم) iss ko Surah al-Baqarah ke naam se hi refer karte the.[2]

Ab Surah al-Baqarah ki fazeelat ke mutalliq, kuch ahadith hai ke;

  • Abu Bakr as-Siddeeq (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْه), Fajr ki namaz me dono rakaton me Surah al-Baqarah hi parrhi.[3]
    • Surah al-Baqarah tilawat karne me kitni der lagti hai?
    • Aram Aram se parrhenge to 3 se 3.5 ghante,
    • Sheikh Mishary Rashid ki tilawat YouTube par hai, 2 ghante,
    • Sheikh Maher al-Muaiqly ki tilawat Youtube par hai, 1:45 ghante,
    • Ye shuyookh jo parrh rahe hain, samajh me bhi aa raha hai,
    • Sheikh Sudais ki 3 ghante ki qirat ki speed bada kar 59 mins me bhi Surah al-Baqarah Youtube par hai, iss me kuch samajh me nahi aa raha ke kya parrha ja raha hai.
    • To iss hadith ka ye matlab nahi ke poora surah al-Baqarah do rakaton me parrh liya gaya, iss ka matlab ho sakta hai ke dono rakat me Surah al-Baqarah ka kuch hissa tilawat kiya gaya, kyun ke, Fajr ki azan ke baad se Tulu-e-Aftab, yani Sunrise tak itna time nahi hota ke Surah al-Baqarah complete tilawat kiya jaye.
    • Rasoolullah (صلى الله عليه وسلم) aur Sahaba (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُم) tahajjud ki namaz me Surah al-Baqarah, Surah aal-e-Imran waghairah tilawat kiya karte the, lekin ye namaz kaafi lambi hoti thi, jaisa ke iss hadith me aya hai.
  • Abu Dawood ki ek Hadith me hai ke, ek waqt aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) namaz ke liye khade huwe aur pehli rakat me Surah al-Baqarah tilawat kiya,
    • jab bhi aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) uss ayat par aate jo Allah ki rahmat ki baat karti hai, to aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) waha ruk kar dua karte, aur
    • jab bhi aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) uss ayat par pahunchte jo Allah ke azab ki baat karti hai, to aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) waha ruk kar Allah ki panah maangte,
    • Phir aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ne lamba ruku kiya, jitna ke aap ka qiyam tha (jis me Surah al-Baqarah tilawat ki thi)
    • Aur ruku me aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ne kaha, “Subhana zil jabarooti wal malakooti wal kibriyaa’i wal azamati”
    • Phir aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ne sajda kiya aur wo utna hi lamba tha, jitna ke aap ka qiyam,
    • Phir aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) doosri rakat me khade huwe aur Surah aal-e-Imran tilawat ki aur phir ek ke baad ek kayee doosre Suratein parrhi.[4]
    • Rasoolullah (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ki ye namaz report karne wale sahabi Muadh (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْه) hain, jinhone apne qabile jaa kar logon ko jama kiya aur aisi hi lambi namaz parrhayee,
    • Iss ki khabar aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ko huwi to aap ne Muadh (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْه) ko logon ko takleef me daalne se mana kiya.
  • Muslim ki ek hadith me aya hai ke, Rasoolullah (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ne farmaya, apne gharon ko qabistan na bana lo, Shaitan uss ghar se door bhaagta hai, jahan Surah al-Baqarah parrha jata hai.[5]
  • Muslim ki ek aur hadith me aya hai ke, Rasoolullah (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ne farmaya, Quran parrha karo, kyun ke, ye Shifa’at karega Roz-e-Mehshare me.
    • Aur Surah al-Baqarah aur Aal-e-Imran parrho, jo do chamakne wali Surataein hain, wo Qiyamat ke din, do badalon ki tarah ya do saye ki tarah ya do parindon ke jhund ki tarah saya bhi dengi aur Allah se shifa’at bhi karengi unn logon ke liye jo inhe parrhte thay,
    • Phir aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ne farmaya ke, Surah al-Baqarah ko parrhne wale ko Barkatein milti hain aur jo iss ko chhorrh deta hai to uss ko Hasratein milti hain, wo regret karenge ke Surah al-Baqarah kyun nahi parrhi, aur jo kahel hain wo iss ko nahi parrh paate.[6]
  • Muslim ki ek aur hadith me aya hai ke, Qiyamat ke din Quran ko aur uss par jo amal karte thay, unn ko laya jayega, aur Surah al-Baqarah aur Surah aal-e-Imran unn ke aagay aagay chal rahe honge, unn par amal karne walon ke haq me behas karte huwe.[7]
    • Issi liye iss baat me koi shak nahi ke, Sahaba (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُم) ne salon laga diye, iss surat ko parrhne, samajhne aur amal karne me.
    • Mufti Shafi Sahab apni tafseer me, Qurtubi ke hawale se likhte hain ke, Umar (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُم) ne barah saal lagay Surah al-Baqarah ko yaad karne aur uss par ghaur-o-fikr karne.[8]
    • Ek hadith me ata hai ke, Ibn Umar Surah al-Baqarah par aath saath lagaye, usay parrhne, samajhne, yaad karne ke liye.[9]
  • Ek Muttafiq alaih hadith me aya hai ke, Rasoolullah (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ne farmaya, jo koi Surah al-Baqarah ki aakhri do ayaat raat ko tilawat karega, wo uss ke liye kaafi hain.[10] Issi silsile me, Tirmishi ki ek hadith me aya hai ke, jis kisi ghar me teen din tak Surah al-Baqarah ki aakhri do ayaat parrhi jaati hai, koi shaitan uss ghar ke qareeb nahi aa sakta.[11]
  • Darimi, al-Mustadrak al-Hakim, Sahih Ibn Hibban, waghairah me hai ke, aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ne farmaya ke, har cheez ka hump hota hai, kuhan ya kub hota hai, aur Quran ka hump, Surah al-Baqarah hai.[12]
  • Muslim ki ek hadith me, Amma Aisha (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهَا) farmati hai ke, jab Surah al-Baqarah ki aakhri ayaat nazil huwi (jo sood aur sharab ki hurmat ki ayaat thi), to aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ne bahar ja kar logon ko sunaya, phir aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ne unhe hukum diya ke sharab ka karobar aaj se haram hai.[13]
    • Iss hadith se pata chalta hai ke, sharab ki hurmat pehle se thi, Musalman sharab pi nahi rahe the, lekin bech rahe the,
    • Jab Surah al-Baqarah me Sharab ki hurmat ki ayaat nazil ho gayee, to aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ka iss karobar ko haram kar dene ki wajah se, Sahaba (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُم) ne jitni sharab unn ke paas thi wo saari ki saari undayl di, baha di,[14] Anas bin Malik kehte hain ke sharab Madina ki galiyon me bahne lagi.[15] [16]
  • Jami at-Tirmidhi me ek lambi hadith me, Rasoolullah (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ne ek fauji dasta bheja, aur uss daste ke har shaks se aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ne sawal kiya ke tum, Quran kitna jaante ho,
    • har ek ne jitni Quran aati thi wo aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ko bata diya,
    • ek nau-jawan se bhi aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ne yehi sawal kiya, to unhone Suraton ke naam lene shuru kiye, aur kaha ke main Surah al-Baqarah bhi jaanta hoon.
    • Aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ne uss nau-jawan Sahabi (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْه) ko, Surah al-Baqarah yaad hone ki bina par – uss fauji daste ka kamaandaar bana diya,
    • Iss hadith se ilm ki fazilat maloom hoti hai ke, aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ne unn Sahaba ko tarjeeh di, jo Quran zyada jaante the.
    • Shuhada ko dafnaate waqt bhi, aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ka yehi amal raha, uss Sahabi ko pehle dafnaya, jo Quran zyada jaante the.
    • Phir aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ne kaha ke, jo shaks Quran ko yaad kare aur uss ko nawafil me parrhe, uss ki misal ek mishk se bhare thailay ki tarah hai, jis ki khushboo chaaron taraf hawa bharti hai…[17]
  • Jibrail (عَلَيْهِ ٱلسَّلَام), Rasoolullah (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ke saath baitthe the ke, aasmaan se kadakne ki awaz aayee, unhone sar uttha kar ooper dekha aur kaha ke, ye aasmaan ka darwaza hai jo aaj khola gaya aur aaj se pehle nahi khula,
    • Aur jab ek farishta uss darwaze se nazil huwa, to Jibrail (عَلَيْهِ ٱلسَّلَام) ne kaha, ke ye ek farishta hai jo aaj se pehle nazil nahi huwa hai,
    • Wo farishta aya aur uss ne salam kiya aur kaha, aap ko ata karda do nooron ki khushi manaiyye, jo aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) se pehle kisi nabi ko nahi di gayee,
    • Ek hai Surah al-Fatiha, aur
    • Doosri hai Surah al-Baqarah ki aakhri do ayaat
    • Inn dono me se, kabhi koi harf tilawat nahi karoge, jis ka inaam aap ko na diya jayega.[18]
  • Allah (سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَى) ke azeem naam, agar uss naam se pukara jaye to wo jawab deta hai, wo teen Suraton me hai;
    • Surah al-Baqarah
    • Surah Aal-e-Imran
    • Surah Taa-Haa[19]

Chronological Order of Suras[20]

Order

Surah Name

Number

Type

Note

87

Al-Baqarah

2

Madinan

Except 281 from Mina at the time of the Last Hajj

88

Al-Anfaal

8

Madinan

Except 30-36, from Makkah

89

Aal-e-Imran

3

Madinan

Ye Surah Makkah se Madina hijrat karne ke baad nazil hona shuru huwa, iss ki kuch ayaat Makkah me nazil huwi, aakhri hajj – jiss me aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) bhi maujood the, uss ke dauran.

Ye Surah, Quran ka sab se lamba surah hai, aur ye Madina ke daur ka sab se pehla surah hai, iss ki alag alag ayaat, alag alag mauqon par nazil huwi, aur iss ke nuzool ka waqt sab se lamba hai, yahan tak ke, jo Riba, Sood se mutalliq jo ayaat hain wo, aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ki zindagi ke aakhri dino me nazil huwi.[21]

Surah ka pas-manzar aur maqsad (Background of Surah and its Purpose)

Ye daur shuru karne se pehle, hum aakhri dus suraton ki tafseer sunn chuke hain, jo aksar o beshtar Makki suratein thi, aur unn suraton ka pas-manzar ya maqsad ek topic ya ek mazmoon par mabni tha, aur unn Makki suraton me Iman bhara huwa tha, laazmi si baat hai, jab log pehli waqt Islam me daakhil honge to unn ka iman badhana aur shirk se paak karna zaroori tha.

Lekin, choo-nke Surah al-Baqarah Madina aane ke baad nazil hona shuru huwa, to Madinat-un-Nabi (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ka socio-political structure Makkah se alag tha, aur yahan aane ke baad kayee mushkilaat ka samna Musalamon ko karna pada aur fauri taur par ahkamaat ki zaroorat pesh aa gayee, ek Islami riyasat ko qayem karne ke liye, jin qawaneen ki, jin laws ki zaroorat pesh aayee, wo Surah al-Baqarah me dheere dheere nazil hoti gayee aur taqreeban 10 saal ke arsay me ye surat mukammal taur par nazil huwi.

William Marmaduke Pickthall, jo Riyasat-e-Hyderabad ke Badeshah Mir Osman Ali Khan, jo Hyderabad ke saatwe Nizam thay, unn ki service me Mohammad Marmaduke Pickthall ho gaye, apni Quran ke translation me, Surah al-Baqarah ke introduction me likhte hain ke, mumkin hai ke Surah al-Baqarah aksar-o-beshtar Hijrat ke baad pehle chaar saal me nazil ho chuki thi,[22] lekin iss ki kuch ayat baad tak nazil hoti rahi.

To,…, jo sab se pehla hissa Surah al-Baqarah ka Madina aatay hi nazil huwa, wo Surah al-Baqarah ka ibtedai hissa tha, jo alif-laam-meem se shuru hota hai.[23]

  • Jo situation paida ho gayee thi, uss ko define karna zaroori tha, to Surah al-Baqarah shuru hoti hai definitions se,
    • Momin aur Muttaqeen kaun hai,
    • Kafir kaun hai,
    • Munafiq kaun hai?

To iss sab se mujhe kya karna hai, Surah al-Baqarah to phir Madinah me jo situation tha, uss ke liye hogi, Hume kya karna hai?

  • Issi liye jo Suraton ka arrangement hai, ye hum Quran ke taweel introduction me sunn chuke hain ke, ye tarteeb Allah (سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَى) ki taraf se hai,
  • Iss tarteeb ko hum apni marzi se change nahi kar sakte,
  • To Surah al-Baqarah ko yahan Surah al-Fatiha ke fauri baad iss liye rakha gaya hai, kyun ke,
    • Ye Surah shuru ho raha hai, uss jawab se jis ka sawal humne Surah al-Fatiha me kiya tha, to iss tarah ek tasalsul, ek continuity hum ko iss surat me milti,
    • Phir doosra point iss me ye hai ke, hum jaise log, jo by chance Musalman hain, jo ittefaaq se, ya accidentally Musalman ghar me paida ho gaye,
    • Hum log naam se musalman hain, hum jaison ke liye iman laane ka sawal nahi hai, hume pehle ahkamaat ki zaroorat hai, jurisprudence, do’s and don’ts jiss ko hum kehte hain,
    • Takay hum amal karna shuru kare, jaisa hamare gharon me hota hai, jaisa jaisa bacha bada hota hai, uss ko ahkamaat hi to sikhaye jaate hain,
      • Namaz kaise parrhna,
      • Roza Rakhna,
      • Zikr Karna,
      • Dua Karna,
      • Logon se aur Rishtedaron se acha salook rakhna,
      • Padosiyon ke saath ache rehna, unn ko takleef nahi pahunchana,
      • Jhoot nahi bolna,
      • Nek amal karna aur burai se rukna aur apni isteta’at ke hisab se doosron ko burai se rokna,
      • Ek Ummat ban kar rehna,
      • Dhoka nahi dena,
      • Choghli nahi karna,
      • Waghairah Waghairah yani poori Quran per amal karna hai.
    • To jaise jaise hum amal karte jayenge, waise waise hamara iman aur mazboot hota chala jayega, aur jo Suraton ki tarteeb hai uss ka ek khaas maqsad aur faida hai.
    • Aur jab hum Quran ke aakhri hisse me pahunchte hain, to kyun ke wo Makki suratein wahan rakhi gayee hain, hamara iman aur taza aur mazboot ho jata hai.
    • To Quran ki ye tarteeb ki bohot ahmiyat hai, iss ka khayal rakhna hai.

Iss surat me kayee mazameen hain jo do main subjects se mutalliq hain;

  • Pehla mazmoon ya subject ye hai ke, ye surah yahoodiyon ki harkaton par aur khaas taur par unn ka jo rawayya tha, aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) aur musalmano ke khilaf uss par roshni daalta hai, aur jo munafiqeen ke links yahoodiyon se, Mushrikeen-e-Makkah se aur deegar qabail jo Madinah ke aas-paas the, unn par roshni daalta hai,
  • Doosra mazmoon, jo hamare liye khaas taur par ghaur karne wala hai, wo ye hai ke iss surat me yahoodiyon ki na-kaami Allah ke ahad ko poora karne me, aur kis tarah Allah (سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَى) Madinah ki Muslim Riyasat ki awam ko, khaas taur par Musalmano ko hidayat di aur tayyar kiya, yahoodiyon ki beshumar chalon aur jhoot ko benqaab karte huwe, takay wo Allah ke ahad ko poora kare aur iss duniya me Allah ki hukumat ko nafiz kare.[24]

Iss ki tafseel hume, Rasoolullah (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ki Seerat me milti hai, aur ye hum 12 Rabi al-Awwal ke din seerat ke bayan me sunn chuke hain, lekin khulase ke taur par ye hai ke,

  • Rasoolullah (صلى الله عليه وسلم) aur Musalmano ko Makkah chhorrh kar Madina hijrat karna pada, kyun ke, wahan badhti huwi dushmani aur tashaddud ka mahol tha,
  • Aur Madinah hijrat karne ke baad Musalmano ko ek milansaar mahol mila,
  • Lekin Mushkilaat ka phir bhi saamna karna pada,
  • Kaba, Mushrikeen-e-Makkah ke qabze me tha, aur wahan Butth parasti aur shirk ho raha tha,
  • Aur Musalmano ko khatra La haq tha, agar wo Makkah jaane ya Hajj karne ki koshish karte,
  • Madinah me bhi mushkilaat aur tanaze’aat yahood aur nasara ki taraf se sunne me aa rahe the,
  • Aur ghaur karne ki baat ye hai ke, Surah al-Baqarah me inn tanaze’aat ka jawab diya gaya, yani ye ke, jo log Rasoolullah (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ke aane se pehle tak, Musalmaan ummat ka hissa the, ab unn ko Islam se alag karke Quran me jawab diya ja raha hai,
  • Aur Allah (سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَى) ye sabeqa musalmano ko, yani yahood aur nasara ko, Musalman ke position se replace karke khitab kar rahe hain, ab wo musalman nahi, yahood aur nasara kehlaye jayenge,
  • Aur Quran me Allah (سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَى) ne Musalmano ko ek nayi community – yani ummatan wasata keh kar khitab kiya,
  • agar kisi ko tafseel chahiye to wo Bayan, Quranic Resources ke YouTube channel par maujood hai, wahan se sunn sakte hain.
  • Aur iss surat ki tafseer me, jahan jahan zaroorat pesh ayegi, seerat ke hisson ko bayan kiya jayega.

Structure of the Quran

Quran me mazameen ya subjects ka jo structure aya hai, uss me jo nukaat aye hain, jo points aye hain, wo kuch iss tarah hain:

  • Surah al-Baqarah ko saath hisso me bata ja sakta hai,
    • Pehla hissa, Ayat 1 se 39 tak, iss me Iman aur kufr ke beech farq bataya gaya hai, Rasoolullah (صلى الله عليه وسلم) kafiron ko Quran ke zariye challenge dete hain ke iss Quran ke jaisa ek sura bana lao, aur Allah (سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَى) zindagi dete hain, aur Maut ke baad dobara uttha sakte hain.
    • Doosra hissa, Ayat 40 se 112 tak, iss me Musa (عَلَيْهِ ٱلسَّلَام) Bani Israeel ko Allah ka qanoon pesh karte hain, aur Bani Israeel Gaye zibah karna nahi chahte. Issi waqiye ki wajah se iss Surah ka naam al-Baqarah padh gaya.
    • Teesra hissa, Ayat 113 se 141 tak, iss me Ibrahim (عَلَيْهِ ٱلسَّلَام) ko leader banane se pehle jin aazmaishon ka samna unhe karna pada, uss ka zikr hai, aur Ibrahim (عَلَيْهِ ٱلسَّلَام) aur Ismail (عَلَيْهِ ٱلسَّلَام) mil kar Kaba ki tameer karte hain, aur dono mil kar Allah se dua karte hain ke hamari aulad me aakhri nabi bhejiye.
    • Chohta hissa, Ayat 142 se 152 tak, iss me Kaba ki taraf namaz me rukh karne ka hukum, jo iman ko aazmane ka zariya banta hai, aur neki karne me ek doosre se muqabla karne ka message diya gaya. Ye central hissa hai.
    • Panchwa hissa, Ayat 153 se 177 tak, iss me aya ke Musalmano ki aazmaish hogi, hajj ke ahkamaat aur baap-dada ka tareeqa aur shirk se mana kiya gaya. Iss hisse ki mushabihat teesre hisse se hai, yani inn dono ke subjects similar hain,
      • Wahan Ibrahim (عَلَيْهِ ٱلسَّلَام) ko aazmaya gaya tha, aur yahan Musalmano ki aazmaish ka zikr hai.
      • Wahan Kaba ki tameer ka zikr hai aur yahan ussi Kaba ko hajj ko jaane ke ahkamat hain.
      • Wahan aulad me aakhri nabi aye dua ki, aur yahan baap dada ke ghalat tareeqon ka inkaar ho raha hai.
    • Chhetta hissa, Ayat 178 se 242 tak, iss me Rasoolullah (صلى الله عليه وسلم) Musalmano ko Allah ka qanoon pesh kar rahe hain, aur Musalmano ko Islam me poore ke poore daakhil ho jaane ka hukum aya hai. Iss hisse ki mushabihat doosre hisse se hai,
      • Wahan Musa (عَلَيْهِ ٱلسَّلَام) Bani Israeel ko Allah ka qanoon pesh kar rahe hain, aur yahan Rasoolullah (صلى الله عليه وسلم) Musalmano ko Allah ka qanoon pesh kar rahe hain.
      • Wahan Bani Israeel Islam me poore ke poore dakhil nahi hona chahte, apni mann marzi ka khuda gaye ko bana liya tha aur uss ko zibah karne ke Allah ke hukum ko nahi maanna chahte the, uss ko taal rahe the aur Yahan Musalmano ko deen-e-Islam me poore ke poore dakhil ho jaane ka hukum aa gaya.
    • Saatwa hissa, Ayat 243 se 286 tak, iss me Iman walon ko kufr ke khilaf jaddo jahad karne ka hukum aya, Ibrahim (عَلَيْهِ ٱلسَّلَام) badeshah ko challenge karte hain ke Allah Suraj ko Mashriq se nikaalta hai to tu Suraj ko Maghrib se nikaal, aur phir Allah zindagi deta hai aur marne ke baad phir se utta sakte hain. Iss me bhi mushabihat hai pehle hisse se,
      • Wahan Iman aur Kufr me farq kiya gaya aur yahan Iman walon ko kufr ke khilaf jaddo jahad karne ka hukum aya.
      • Wahan Rasoolullah (صلى الله عليه وسلم) logon ko Quran ke jaisa surah laane ka challenge de rahe hain aur yahan Ibrahim (عَلَيْهِ ٱلسَّلَام) Badeshah ko challenge kar rahe hain ke Suraj ko East ki jagah West se tulu karwaye.
      • Aur dono me zindagi aur maut Allah ke haath me hai aur wohi marne ke baad dobara zinda karne ke qabil hai ka paigham diya gaya.
    • Aur ye saath hisse ek ring bana rahe hain. Jahan se Surah shuru huwa wapas wohi subjects ke saath khatam ho raha hai.

Tarjuma wa Tafseer

Surah al-Baqarah ki tafseer shuru karte hain,

Vs. No. 1

الٓمّٓۚ‏

Alif Laam Meem

Iss ayat me sirf teen harf hai, teen letters hain, Alif Laam Meem. Tafaseer me kayee batein inn teen huroof par kahi gayee;

  • Tafseer Ahsan ul-Bayan me, Hafiz Salahuddin Yusuf likhte hain ke, inn huroof ko huroof-e-muqattaat kaha jata hai, matlab ye ke, alahida alahida parrhe jaane wale huroof. Alif Laam Meem. Inn huroof ke maano ke baare me koi mustanad riwayat Rasoolullah (صلى الله عليه وسلم) se nahi milti. Albatta, Rasoolullah (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ne ye zaroor farmaya hai ke, main nahi kehta ke Alif Laam Meem ek huroof hai, balke Alif ek harf hai, Laam ek harf hai aur Meem ek harf hai aur Quran ke har harf ke parrhne par ek neki milti hai aur har neki ka ajr dus gunah hai.[25]
  • Sab Mufassireen iss baat par ittefaq karte hain ke, Huroof-e-Muqattaat kayee aur suron ke agay bhi aye hain, jaisa Haa-Meem, Taa-Haa, Yaa-Seen, waghairah.
  • Tanwīr al-Miqbās min Tafsīr Ibn ‘Abbās me hai ke, Ibn Abbas (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْه) ne farmaya ke,
    • Alif ke maane Allah ke hain, aur
    • Laam ke maane Jibrail ke hain, aur
    • Meem ke maane Muhammad ke hain.
    • Ye bhi kaha jata hai ke, Alif se murad Allah ki nematein hain,
    • Laam ka matlab Uss ki Latafat, uss ki Rehmatein hain, aur
    • Meem ka matlab uss ka mulk, uss ki badeshahat hai,
    • Aur bhi aisi baatein bayan ki gayee hain,
    • Ye bhi kaha jata hai ke, inn mutazaad huroof ka matlab sirf Allah hi jaanta hai…[26]
    • To ye koi hadith se sabit nahi hai, alag alag logon ki raye hai. Raye me ikhtelaaf ho sakta hai.
  • Aksar ulama ka khayal hai ke, inn alfaaz ke maane kisi ko nahi maloom.
    • Shiekh Saadi apni tafseer me likhte hain ke, “Sahih ilmi nazariya ye hai ke, hum par lazim hai ke, inn ke maano me khoye baghair inn huroof par iman laye jaise wo hume dikhte hain.
    • Iss ka ilm sirf Allah ke paas hai aur hume iss ilm ko Allah par chhorrh dena chahiye.
    • Hum iss baat par iman laate hain ke, ye be-maqsad nazil nahi kiye gaye hain, aur inn ke peeche kuch hikmat hai, jiss se hum waqif nahi hain.[27]
    • Ibn Kathir ne bhi apni tafseer me, Qurtubi ke hawale se darj kiya hai ke, Abu Bakr Siddique, Umar-e-Farooq, Uthman-e-Ghani, Ali Ibn Abi Talib, Ibn Masood (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُم) sab iss baat ke khayel thay ke – Alif Laam Meem ke maane Allah ke siway kisi aur ko nahi maloom.[28]
  • Ibn Kathir aagay likhte hain ke, baaz Mufassireen inn huroof ki tafseer karte hain, lekin inn ki tafseer me ikhtilaf hota hai.
    • Abd al-Rahman bin Zaid bin Aslam farmate hain ke, ye Suraton ke naam hai.
    • Allama Abu al-Qasim Mahmood bin Umar Zamahshari, apni tafseer me likhte hain, aksar logon ka isi par ittefaq hai ke, ye alfaz suraton ke naam hain.
    • Iss ki daleel Bukhari aur Muslim ki ahadith jiss me hai ke, Rasoolullah (صلى الله عليه وسلم) juma ke din, subah ki namaz, yani Fajr ki namaz me, Surah Alif Laam Meem Sajdah aur Hal ata ala al-Insaan (Surah Dahr) parrhte the.[29]

To yahan hum aaj ka dars rok denge, aglay hafte hum Surah al-Baqarah ki tafseer agay sunenge. In Sha Allah.

References

[1] Maulana Maududi, Tahfeem al-Quran, Introduction to Surah al-Baqarah, Source: https://islamicstudies.info/tafheem.php?sura=2&verse=1&to=7

[2] Al-A ‘mash said : “I head Al-Hajjaj say: ‘Do not say Surat Al-Baqarah, say: ‘The Surah in which the cow (Al-Baqarah) is mentioned.”‘ I mentioned that to Ibrahim, and he said: “Abdur-Rahman bi Yazdi told me, that he was with ‘Abdullah when he stoned Jamratul ‘Aqabah. He went down the middle of the valley, stood opposite it – meaning the Jamrah – and throew seven pebbiles at it, saying the Takbir with each pebble. I said; “Some people climbed the mountain.” He said: “Here – by the One beside Whom there is no other God – is the place where the one to whom Surat Al-Baqarah was revelated stoned.”

أَخْبَرَنَا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، قَالَ أَنْبَأَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي زَائِدَةَ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا الأَعْمَشُ، سَمِعْتُ الْحَجَّاجَ، يَقُولُ لاَ تَقُولُوا سُورَةُ الْبَقَرَةِ قُولُوا السُّورَةُ الَّتِي يُذْكَرُ فِيهَا الْبَقَرَةُ ‏.‏ فَذَكَرْتُ ذَلِكَ لإِبْرَاهِيمَ فَقَالَ أَخْبَرَنِي عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ يَزِيدَ أَنَّهُ كَانَ مَعَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ حِينَ رَمَى جَمْرَةَ الْعَقَبَةِ فَاسْتَبْطَنَ الْوَادِيَ وَاسْتَعْرَضَهَا يَعْنِي الْجَمْرَةَ فَرَمَاهَا بِسَبْعِ حَصَيَاتٍ وَكَبَّرَ مَعَ كُلِّ حَصَاةٍ فَقُلْتُ إِنَّ أُنَاسًا يَصْعَدُونَ الْجَبَلَ ‏.‏ فَقَالَ هَا هُنَا وَالَّذِي لاَ إِلَهَ غَيْرُهُ رَأَيْتُ الَّذِي أُنْزِلَتْ عَلَيْهِ سُورَةُ الْبَقَرَةِ رَمَى ‏.‏

Grade: Sahih (Darussalam)

Reference : Sunan an-Nasa’i 3073

In-book reference : Book 24, Hadith 456

English translation : Vol. 3, Book 24, Hadith 3075

https://sunnah.com/nasai:3073

[3] Yahya related to me from Malik from Hisham ibn Urwa from his father that Abu Bakr as-Siddiq prayed subh and recited suratal-Baqara in the two rak’as.

حَدَّثَنِي يَحْيَى، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقَ، صَلَّى الصُّبْحَ فَقَرَأَ فِيهَا سُورَةَ الْبَقَرَةِ فِي الرَّكْعَتَيْنِ كِلْتَيْهِمَا ‏.‏

Sunnah.com reference : Book 3, Hadith 35

USC-MSA web (English) reference : Book 3, Hadith 35

Arabic reference : Book 3, Hadith 182

https://sunnah.com/malik/3/35

 أنَّ أبا بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقَ صلَّى الصُّبحَ فقرأَ فيها سورةَ البقَرةِ ، في الرَّكعتينِ كلتَيهِما .

الراوي: عروة بن الزبير المحدث: ابن عبدالبر المصدر: الاستذكار الصفحة أو الرقم: 1/483 خلاصة حكم المحدث: وصله الثقات الأثبات

————–

إنَّ أبا بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقَ – رضي اللهُ عنه – صَلَّى الصُّبْحَ ، فقرأ فيهِما بسورةِ البقرةِ في الركعتينِ كِلْتَيْهِما .

الراوي: عروة بن الزبير المحدث: الألباني المصدر: هداية الرواة الصفحة أو الرقم: 824 خلاصة حكم المحدث: رجاله ثقات

————–

عن أبي بكرٍ الصديقِ أنه أَمَّ الصحابةَ في صلاةِ الصبحِ بسورةِ البقرةِ فقرأها في الركعتينِ .

الراوي: – المحدث: ابن حجر العسقلاني المصدر: فتح الباري لابن حجر الصفحة أو الرقم: 2/299 خلاصة حكم المحدث: إسناده صحيح

————–

Source: dorar.net search : أَنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقَ، صَلَّى الصُّبْحَ فَقَرَأَ فِيهَا سُورَةَ الْبَقَرَةِ فِي الرَّكْعَتَيْنِ كِلْتَيْهِمَ

[4] Narrated Awf ibn Malik al-Ashja’i: I stood up to pray along with the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ); he got up and recited Surat al-Baqarah (Surah 2). When he came to a verse which spoke of mercy, he stopped and made supplication, and when he came to verse which spoke of punishment, he stopped and sought refuge in Allah, then he bowed and paused as long as he stood (reciting Surah al-Baqarah), and said while bowing, “Glory be to the Possessor of greatness, the Kingdom, grandeur and majesty.” :Then he prostrated himself and paused as long as he stood up and recited Surat Aal Imran (Surah 3) and then recited many surahs one after another.

حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مُعَاوِيَةُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ قَيْسٍ، عَنْ عَاصِمِ بْنِ حُمَيْدٍ، عَنْ عَوْفِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ الأَشْجَعِيِّ، قَالَ قُمْتُ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم لَيْلَةً فَقَامَ فَقَرَأَ سُورَةَ الْبَقَرَةِ لاَ يَمُرُّ بِآيَةِ رَحْمَةٍ إِلاَّ وَقَفَ فَسَأَلَ وَلاَ يَمُرُّ بِآيَةِ عَذَابٍ إِلاَّ وَقَفَ فَتَعَوَّذَ – قَالَ – ثُمَّ رَكَعَ بِقَدْرِ قِيَامِهِ يَقُولُ فِي رُكُوعِهِ ‏ “‏ سُبْحَانَ ذِي الْجَبَرُوتِ وَالْمَلَكُوتِ وَالْكِبْرِيَاءِ وَالْعَظَمَةِ ‏”‏ ‏.‏ ثُمَّ سَجَدَ بِقَدْرِ قِيَامِهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ فِي سُجُودِهِ مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ – ثُمَّ قَامَ فَقَرَأَ بِآلِ عِمْرَانَ ثُمَّ قَرَأَ سُورَةً سُورَةً ‏.‏

Grade: Sahih (Al-Albani) صحيح (الألباني) حكم :

Reference : Sunan Abi Dawud 873

In-book reference : Book 2, Hadith 483

English translation : Book 3, Hadith 872

https://sunnah.com/abudawud:873

[5] Abu Huraira reported Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) as saying: Do not make your houses as graveyards. Satan runs away from the house in which Surah Baqara is recited.

حَدَّثَنَا قُتَيْبَةُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَعْقُوبُ، – وَهُوَ ابْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْقَارِيُّ – عَنْ سُهَيْلٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم قَالَ ‏ “‏ لاَ تَجْعَلُوا بُيُوتَكُمْ مَقَابِرَ إِنَّ الشَّيْطَانَ يَنْفِرُ مِنَ الْبَيْتِ الَّذِي تُقْرَأُ فِيهِ سُورَةُ الْبَقَرَةِ ‏”‏ ‏.‏

Reference : Sahih Muslim 780

In-book reference : Book 6, Hadith 252

USC-MSA web (English) reference : Book 4, Hadith 1707

https://sunnah.com/muslim:780

[6] Abū Umāma said he heard God’s messenger say, “Recite the Qur’ān, for on the day of resurrection it will come as an intercessor for those who recite it. Recite the two shining ones, Baqara and sūra Āl Imrān (Qur’ān, 2 and 3). for on the day of resurrection they will come as two clouds or two shades, or two flocks of birds in ranks* pleading for those who recite them. Recite sūra al-Baqara, for using it produces blessing and abandoning it produces regret, and the slothful are unable to recite it.” *The alternative may indicate that the transmitter was not sure which word was used, “clouds” or “shades”. Muslim transmitted it.

عَنْ أَبِي أُمَامَةَ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسلم يَقُول: «اقْرَءُوا الْقُرْآنَ فَإِنَّهُ يَأْتِي يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ شَفِيعًا لِأَصْحَابِهِ اقْرَءُوا الزَّهْرَاوَيْنِ الْبَقَرَةَ وَسُورَةَ آلِ عِمْرَانَ فَإِنَّهُمَا تَأْتِيَانِ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ كَأَنَّهُمَا غَمَامَتَانِ أَوْ كَأَنَّهُمَا غَيَايَتَانِ أَو فِرْقَانِ مِنْ طَيْرٍ صَوَافَّ تُحَاجَّانِ عَنْ أَصْحَابِهِمَا اقْرَءُوا سُورَةَ الْبَقَرَةِ فَإِنَّ أَخْذَهَا بَرَكَةٌ وَتَرْكَهَا حَسْرَةٌ وَلَا تستطيعها البطلة» . رَوَاهُ مُسلم – حكم : صَحِيح (الألباني)

Reference : Mishkat al-Masabih 2120

In-book reference : Book 8, Hadith 12

https://sunnah.com/mishkat:2120

[7] An-Nawwas bin Sam’an (May Allah be pleased with him) reported: I heard the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) saying, “The Qur’an and its people who applied it, will be brought on the Day of Resurrection preceded with Surat Al-Baqarah and Surat Al-‘Imran arguing on behalf of those who applied them.” [Muslim].

وعن النواس بن سمعان رضي الله عنه قال‏:‏ سمعت رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يقول‏:‏ ‏ “‏يؤتى يوم القيامة بالقرآن وأهله الذين كانو يعملون به في الدنيا تقدمه سورة البقرة وآل عمران تحاجان عن صاحبهما ‏”‏ ‏(‏‏(‏رواه مسلم‏)‏‏)‏‏.‏

Reference : Riyad as-Salihin 992

In-book reference : Book 8, Hadith 2

https://sunnah.com/riyadussalihin:992

[8] Mufti Shafi Sahab, Tafseer Surah al-Baqarah, Maariful Quran, Page 96

[9] Yahya related to me from Malik that he had heard that it took Abdullah ibn Umar eight years to learn Surat al-Baqara. (Sura 2)

وَحَدَّثَنِي عَنْ مَالِكٍ، أَنَّهُ بَلَغَهُ أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ، مَكَثَ عَلَى سُورَةِ الْبَقَرَةِ ثَمَانِيَ سِنِينَ يَتَعَلَّمُهَا ‏.‏

Sunnah.com reference : Book 15, Hadith 12

USC-MSA web (English) reference : Book 15, Hadith 11

Arabic reference : Book 15, Hadith 483

https://sunnah.com/malik/15/12

[10] Abu Mas’ud Al-Badri (May Allah be pleased with him) reported: I heard the Prophet (ﷺ) saying, “He who recites the two Ayat at the end of Surat Al-Baqarah at night, they will suffice him.” [Al- Bukhari and Muslim].

وعن أبي مسعود البدري رضي الله عنه عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم قال ‏:‏‏ “‏ من قرأ بالآيتين من آخر سورة البقرة في ليلة كفتاه ‏”‏ ‏(‏‏(‏متفق عليه‏)‏‏)‏‏.‏

Reference : Riyad as-Salihin 1017

In-book reference : Book 8, Hadith 27

https://sunnah.com/riyadussalihin:1017

Abū Mas’ūd reported God’s messenger as saying, “If anyone recites the two verses at the end of sūra al-Baqara at night they will avert harm from him.” *Or will be enough for him. (Bukhārī and Muslim.)

وَعَنْ أَبِي مَسْعُودٍ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: «الْآيَتَانِ مِنْ آخَرِ سُورَة الْبَقَرَة من قَرَأَ بهما فِي لَيْلَة كفتاه» حكم : مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ (الألباني)

Reference : Mishkat al-Masabih 2125

In-book reference : Book 8, Hadith 17

https://sunnah.com/mishkat:2125

[11] Narrated An-Nu’man bin Bashir: that the Prophet (ﷺ) said: “Indeed Allah wrote in a book two thousand years before He created the heavens and the earth, and He sent down two Ayat from it to end Surat Al-Baqarah with. If they are recited for three nights in a home, no Shaitan shall come near it.”

حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَشَّارٍ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ مَهْدِيٍّ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أَشْعَثَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْجَرْمِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي قِلاَبَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي الأَشْعَثِ الْجَرْمِيِّ، عَنِ النُّعْمَانِ بْنِ بَشِيرٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم قَالَ ‏ “‏ إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَتَبَ كِتَابًا قَبْلَ أَنْ يَخْلُقَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالأَرْضَ بِأَلْفَىْ عَامٍ أَنْزَلَ مِنْهُ آيَتَيْنِ خَتَمَ بِهِمَا سُورَةَ الْبَقَرَةِ وَلاَ يُقْرَآنِ فِي دَارٍ ثَلاَثَ لَيَالٍ فَيَقْرَبُهَا شَيْطَانٌ ‏”‏ ‏.‏ قَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى هَذَا حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ غَرِيبٌ ‏.‏

Grade: Hasan (Darussalam)

Reference : Jami` at-Tirmidhi 2882

In-book reference : Book 45, Hadith 8

English translation : Vol. 5, Book 42, Hadith 2882

https://sunnah.com/tirmidhi:2882

[12] ‘Abdallāh b. Mas’ūd said, “Everything has a hump, and the hump of the Qur’ān is sūra al-Baqara. Everything has a kernel, and the kernel of the Qur’ān is al-Mufassal.* *A title given to the sūras from 49 to the end, but several other sūras are also mentioned: 37, 45, 47, 48, 50, 61, 67, and 93. The name is most appropriately explained as meaning that this is the section of the Qur’ān which contains many shorter sūras. Dārimī transmitted it.

وَعَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: إِنَّ لِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ سَنَامًا وَإِنَّ سَنَامَ الْقُرْآنِ سُورَةُ الْبَقَرَةِ وَإِنَّ لِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ لُبَابًا وَإِنَّ لباب الْقُرْآن الْمفصل. رَوَاهُ الدَّارمِيّ – حكم – لم تتمّ دراسته (الألباني)

Reference : Mishkat al-Masabih 2179

In-book reference : Book 8, Hadith 69

https://sunnah.com/mishkat:2179

إنَّ لكُلِّ شيءٍ سَنامًا، وإنَّ سَنامَ القرآنِ سورةُ البقرةِ». .

الراوي: أبو هريرة المحدث: الحاكم المصدر: المستدرك على الصحيحين الصفحة أو الرقم: 3068 خلاصة حكم المحدث: صحيح الإسناد

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إنَّ لكلِّ شيءٍ سَنامًا؛ وإنَّ سَنامَ القرآنِ سورةُ البقرةِ. .

الراوي: أبو هريرة المحدث: الحاكم المصدر: المستدرك على الصحيحين الصفحة أو الرقم: 2084 خلاصة حكم المحدث: [سكت عنه وقال في المقدمة رواته ثقات احتج بمثله الشيخان أو أحدهما]

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إنَّ لكلِّ شيءٍ سَنامًا وإنَّ سَنامَ القُرآنِ سورةُ البقرةِ مَن قرَأها في بيتِه ليلًا لَمْ يدخُلِ الشَّيطانُ بيتَه ثلاثَ ليالٍ ومَن قرَأها نهارًا لَمْ يدخُلِ الشَّيطانُ بيتَه ثلاثةَ أيَّامٍ .

الراوي: سهل بن سعد المحدث: ابن حبان المصدر: صحيح ابن حبان الصفحة أو الرقم: 780 خلاصة حكم المحدث: أخرجه في صحيحه

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إنَّ لكلِّ شيءٍ سَنامًا وإنَّ سَنامَ القرآنِ سورةُ البقرةِ من قرأها في بيتِه ليلًا لم يدخُلِ الشَّيطانُ بيتَه ثلاثَ ليالٍ ومن قرأها نهارًا لم يدخُلِ الشَّيطانُ بيتَه ثلاثةَ أيَّامٍ .

الراوي: سهل بن سعد الساعدي المحدث: المنذري المصدر: الترغيب والترهيب الصفحة أو الرقم: 2/314 خلاصة حكم المحدث: [إسناده صحيح أو حسن أو ما قاربهما]

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[13] ‘A’isha (Allah be pleased with her) reported: When the concluding verses of Sura Baqara were revealed, Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) went out and read them out to the people and then forbade them to trade in wine.

حَدَّثَنَا زُهَيْرُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ، وَإِسْحَاقُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، قَالَ زُهَيْرٌ حَدَّثَنَا وَقَالَ، إِسْحَاقُ أَخْبَرَنَا جَرِيرٌ، عَنْ مَنْصُورٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الضُّحَى، عَنْ مَسْرُوقٍ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، قَالَتْ لَمَّا نَزَلَتِ الآيَاتُ مِنْ آخِرِ سُورَةِ الْبَقَرَةِ خَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم فَاقْتَرَأَهُنَّ عَلَى النَّاسِ ثُمَّ نَهَى عَنِ التِّجَارَةِ فِي الْخَمْرِ ‏.‏

Reference : Sahih Muslim 1580a

In-book reference : Book 22, Hadith 85

USC-MSA web (English) reference : Book 10, Hadith 3838

https://sunnah.com/muslim:1580a

[14] Narrated Anas bin Malik: I was serving Abu ‘Ubaida, Abu Talha and Ubai bin Ka`b with a drink prepared from ripe and unripe dates. Then somebody came to them and said, “Alcoholic drinks have been prohibited.” (On hearing that) Abu Talha said, “Get up. O Anas, and pour (throw) it out! So I poured (threw) it out.

حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ ـ رضى الله عنه ـ قَالَ كُنْتُ أَسْقِي أَبَا عُبَيْدَةَ وَأَبَا طَلْحَةَ وَأُبَىَّ بْنَ كَعْبٍ مِنْ فَضِيخِ زَهْوٍ وَتَمْرٍ فَجَاءَهُمْ آتٍ فَقَالَ إِنَّ الْخَمْرَ قَدْ حُرِّمَتْ‏.‏ فَقَالَ أَبُو طَلْحَةَ قُمْ يَا أَنَسُ فَأَهْرِقْهَا‏.‏ فَأَهْرَقْتُهَا‏.‏

Reference : Sahih al-Bukhari 5582

In-book reference : Book 74, Hadith 8

USC-MSA web (English) reference : Vol. 7, Book 69, Hadith 488

https://sunnah.com/bukhari:5582

[15] Narrated Anas: The alcoholic drink which was spilled was Al-Fadikh. I used to offer alcoholic drinks to the people at the residence of Abu Talha. Then the order of prohibiting Alcoholic drinks was revealed, and the Prophet ordered somebody to announce that: Abu Talha said to me, “Go out and see what this voice (this announcement ) is.” I went out and (on coming back) said, “This is somebody announcing that alcoholic beverages have been prohibited.” Abu Talha said to me, “Go and spill it (i.e. the wine),” Then it (alcoholic drinks) was seen flowing through the streets of Medina. At that time the wine was Al-Fadikh. The people said, “Some people (Muslims) were killed (during the battle of Uhud) while wine was in their stomachs.” So Allah revealed: “On those who believe and do good deeds there is no blame for what they ate (in the past).” (5.93)

حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو النُّعْمَانِ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا ثَابِتٌ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ ـ رضى الله عنه ـ أَنَّ الْخَمْرَ، الَّتِي أُهْرِيقَتِ الْفَضِيخُ‏.‏ وَزَادَنِي مُحَمَّدٌ عَنْ أَبِي النُّعْمَانِ قَالَ كُنْتُ سَاقِيَ الْقَوْمِ فِي مَنْزِلِ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ فَنَزَلَ تَحْرِيمُ الْخَمْرِ، فَأَمَرَ مُنَادِيًا فَنَادَى‏.‏ فَقَالَ أَبُو طَلْحَةَ اخْرُجْ فَانْظُرْ مَا هَذَا الصَّوْتُ قَالَ فَخَرَجْتُ فَقُلْتُ هَذَا مُنَادٍ يُنَادِي أَلاَ إِنَّ الْخَمْرَ قَدْ حُرِّمَتْ‏.‏ فَقَالَ لِي اذْهَبْ فَأَهْرِقْهَا‏.‏ قَالَ فَجَرَتْ فِي سِكَكِ الْمَدِينَةِ‏.‏ قَالَ وَكَانَتْ خَمْرُهُمْ يَوْمَئِذٍ الْفَضِيخَ فَقَالَ بَعْضُ الْقَوْمِ قُتِلَ قَوْمٌ وَهْىَ فِي بُطُونِهِمْ قَالَ فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ ‏{‏لَيْسَ عَلَى الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ جُنَاحٌ فِيمَا طَعِمُوا‏}‏‏.‏

Reference : Sahih al-Bukhari 4620

In-book reference : Book 65, Hadith 142

USC-MSA web (English) reference : Vol. 6, Book 60, Hadith 144

https://sunnah.com/bukhari:4620

Narrated Anas: I was the butler of the people in the house of Abu Talha, and in those days drinks were prepared from dates. Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) ordered somebody to announce that alcoholic drinks had been prohibited. Abu Talha ordered me to go out and spill the wine. I went out and spilled it, and it flowed in the streets of Medina. Some people said, “Some people were killed and wine was still in their stomachs.” On that the Divine revelation came:– “On those who believe And do good deeds There is no blame For what they ate (in the past).” (5.93)

حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحِيمِ أَبُو يَحْيَى، أَخْبَرَنَا عَفَّانُ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا ثَابِتٌ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ ـ رضى الله عنه ـ كُنْتُ سَاقِيَ الْقَوْمِ فِي مَنْزِلِ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ، وَكَانَ خَمْرُهُمْ يَوْمَئِذٍ الْفَضِيخَ، فَأَمَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم مُنَادِيًا يُنَادِي ‏”‏ أَلاَ إِنَّ الْخَمْرَ قَدْ حُرِّمَتْ ‏”‏‏.‏ قَالَ فَقَالَ لِي أَبُو طَلْحَةَ اخْرُجْ فَأَهْرِقْهَا، فَخَرَجْتُ فَهَرَقْتُهَا، فَجَرَتْ فِي سِكَكِ الْمَدِينَةِ فَقَالَ بَعْضُ الْقَوْمِ قَدْ قُتِلَ قَوْمٌ وَهْىَ فِي بُطُونِهِمْ‏.‏ فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ ‏{‏لَيْسَ عَلَى الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ جُنَاحٌ فِيمَا طَعِمُوا‏}‏ الآيَةَ‏.‏

Reference : Sahih al-Bukhari 2464

In-book reference : Book 46, Hadith 25

USC-MSA web (English) reference : Vol. 3, Book 43, Hadith 644

https://sunnah.com/bukhari:2464

Abu Sa’id al-Khudri (Allah be pleased with him) reported: I heard Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) addressing in Medina. He said: O people, Allah is giving an indication (of the prohibition) of wine. and He is probably soon going to give an order about it. So he who has anything of it with him should sell that, and derive benefit out of it. He (the narrator) said: We waited for some time that Allah’s Apostle (ﷺ) said: Verily Allah, the Exalted, has forbidden wine. So who hears this verse and he has anything of it with him, he should neither drink it nor sell it. He (the narrator) said: The people then brought whatever they had of it with them on the streets of Medina and spilt that.

حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْقَوَارِيرِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الأَعْلَى بْنُ عَبْدِ الأَعْلَى أَبُو هَمَّامٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدٌ الْجُرَيْرِيُّ، عَنْ أَبِي نَضْرَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ، قَالَ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم يَخْطُبُ بِالْمَدِينَةِ قَالَ ‏”‏ يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى يُعَرِّضُ بِالْخَمْرِ وَلَعَلَّ اللَّهَ سَيُنْزِلُ فِيهَا أَمْرًا فَمَنْ كَانَ عِنْدَهُ مِنْهَا شَىْءٌ فَلْيَبِعْهُ وَلْيَنْتَفِعْ بِهِ ‏”‏ ‏.‏ قَالَ فَمَا لَبِثْنَا إِلاَّ يَسِيرًا حَتَّى قَالَ النَّبِيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏”‏ إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى حَرَّمَ الْخَمْرَ فَمَنْ أَدْرَكَتْهُ هَذِهِ الآيَةُ وَعِنْدَهُ مِنْهَا شَىْءٌ فَلاَ يَشْرَبْ وَلاَ يَبِعْ ‏”‏ ‏.‏ قَالَ فَاسْتَقْبَلَ النَّاسُ بِمَا كَانَ عِنْدَهُ مِنْهَا فِي طَرِيقِ الْمَدِينَةِ فَسَفَكُوهَا ‏.‏

Reference : Sahih Muslim 1578

In-book reference : Book 22, Hadith 82

USC-MSA web (English) reference : Book 10, Hadith 3835

https://sunnah.com/muslim:1578

Anas said, “At the time that wine was made unlawful, there was no drink that the people of Madina liked better than that made from dried dates and unripe dates. I used to give the drink to the Companions of the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. They were in the home of Abu Talha when a man passed by and announced, ‘Wine has been forbidden.’ They did not say, ‘When?’ or ‘Wait until we see.’ They said, ‘Anas, break them!’ Then they said in the presence of Umm Sulaym, ‘Wait until it becomes cool and we have washed ourselves.’ Then Umm Sulaym put perfume on them. Then they went to the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and the news was as the man had said.”

حَدَّثَنَا مُوسَى، قَالَ‏:‏ حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ الْمُغِيرَةِ، عَنْ ثَابِتٍ، قَالَ أَنَسٌ‏:‏ مَا كَانَ لأَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ شَرَابٌ، حَيْثُ حُرِّمَتِ الْخَمْرُ، أَعْجَبَ إِلَيْهِمْ مِنَ التَّمْرِ وَالْبُسْرِ، فَإِنِّي لَأَسْقِي أَصْحَابَ رَسُولِ اللهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم، وَهُمْ عِنْدَ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ، مَرَّ رَجُلٌ فَقَالَ‏:‏ إِنَّ الْخَمْرَ قَدْ حُرِّمَتْ، فَمَا قَالُوا‏:‏ مَتَى‏؟‏ أَوْ حَتَّى نَنْظُرَ، قَالُوا‏:‏ يَا أَنَسُ، أَهْرِقْهَا، ثُمَّ قَالُوا عِنْدَ أُمِّ سُلَيْمٍ حَتَّى أَبْرَدُوا وَاغْتَسَلُوا، ثُمَّ طَيَّبَتْهُمْ أُمُّ سُلَيْمٍ، ثُمَّ رَاحُوا إِلَى النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم، فَإِذَا الْخَبَرُ كَمَا قَالَ الرَّجُلُ‏.‏ قَالَ أَنَسٌ‏:‏ فَمَا طَعِمُوهَا بَعْدُ‏.‏

Grade: Sahih (Al-Albani) صـحـيـح (الألباني) حكم :

Reference : Al-Adab Al-Mufrad 1241

In-book reference : Book 52, Hadith 4

English translation : Book 52, Hadith 1241

https://sunnah.com/adab:1241

[16] Aizaz Khan, Missionary, Canada; From Manhattan to Medina – Prophet Muhammad’s Prohibition Movement, 19-April-2020, Source: https://www.alhakam.org/from-manhattan-to-medina-prophet-muhammads-prohibition-movement/

[17] Narrated Abu Hurairah: “The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) sent an expedition force [comprised] of many, and he asked each what he could recite, so each one of them mentioned what he could recite – meaning what he had memorized of the Qur’an. He came to one of the youngest men among them and said: ‘What have you memorized O so-and-so?’ He said: ‘I memorized this and that and Surat Al-Baqarah.’ He said: ‘You memorized Surat Al-Baqarah?’ He said: “Yes.’ He said: “Then go, for you are their commander.’ A man among their chief said: ‘By Allah [O Messenger of Allah]! Nothing prevented me from learning Surat Al-Baqarah except fearing that I would not be able to stand with (in voluntary night prayer).’ The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: ‘Learn the Qur’an to recite it, for indeed the parable of the Qur’an for the one who recites it and stands with it (in prayer) is that of a bag full of musk whose scent fills the air all around. And the parable of the one who learns it then sleeps while it is in his memory is that of a bag containing musk that is tied shut.'”

حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ الْخَلاَّلُ الْحُلْوَانِيُّ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو أُسَامَةَ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْحَمِيدِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدٍ الْمَقْبُرِيِّ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، مَوْلَى أَبِي أَحْمَدَ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، قَالَ بَعَثَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم بَعْثًا وَهُمْ ذُو عَدَدٍ فَاسْتَقْرَأَهُمْ فَاسْتَقْرَأَ كُلَّ رَجُلٍ مِنْهُمْ مَا مَعَهُ مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ فَأَتَى عَلَى رَجُلٍ مِنْهُمْ مِنْ أَحْدَثِهِمْ سِنًّا فَقَالَ ‏”‏ مَا مَعَكَ يَا فُلاَنُ ‏”‏ ‏.‏ قَالَ مَعِي كَذَا وَكَذَا وَسُورَةُ الْبَقَرَةِ ‏.‏ قَالَ ‏”‏ أَمَعَكَ سُورَةُ الْبَقَرَةِ ‏”‏ ‏.‏ فَقَالَ نَعَمْ ‏.‏ قَالَ ‏”‏ فَاذْهَبْ فَأَنْتَ أَمِيرُهُمْ ‏”‏ ‏.‏ فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَشْرَافِهِمْ وَاللَّهِ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ مَا مَنَعَنِي أَنْ أَتَعَلَّمَ سُورَةَ الْبَقَرَةِ إِلاَّ خَشْيَةَ أَلاَّ أَقُومَ بِهَا ‏.‏ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏”‏ تَعَلَّمُوا الْقُرْآنَ فَاقْرَءُوهُ وَأَقْرِئُوهُ فَإِنَّ مَثَلَ الْقُرْآنِ لِمَنْ تَعَلَّمَهُ فَقَرَأَهُ وَقَامَ بِهِ كَمَثَلِ جِرَابٍ مَحْشُوٍّ مِسْكًا يَفُوحُ بِرِيحِهِ كُلُّ مَكَانٍ وَمَثَلُ مَنْ تَعَلَّمَهُ فَيَرْقُدُ وَهُوَ فِي جَوْفِهِ كَمَثَلِ جِرَابٍ وُكِئَ عَلَى مِسْكٍ ‏”‏ ‏.‏ قَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى هَذَا حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ ‏.‏

وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ اللَّيْثُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ عَنْ سَعِيدٍ الْمَقْبُرِيِّ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، مَوْلَى أَبِي أَحْمَدَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم مُرْسَلاً وَلَمْ يَذْكُرْ فِيهِ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ‏.‏ حَدَّثَنَا قُتَيْبَةُ عَنِ اللَّيْثِ فَذَكَرَهُ ‏.‏

Grade: Hasan (Darussalam)

Reference : Jami` at-Tirmidhi 2876

In-book reference : Book 45, Hadith 2

English translation : Vol. 5, Book 42, Hadith 2876

https://sunnah.com/tirmidhi:2876

[18] Ibn ‘Abbas reported that while Gabriel was sitting with the Apostle (ﷺ) he heard a creaking sound above him. He lifted his head and said: This is a gate opened in heaven today which had never been opened before. Then when an angel descended through it, he said: This is an angel who came down to the earth who had never come down before. He greeted and said: Rejoice in two lights given to you which have not been given to any prophet before you: Fatihat al-Kitab and the concluding verses of Surah al-Baqara. You will never recite a letter from them for which you will not be given (a reward).

حَدَّثَنَا حَسَنُ بْنُ الرَّبِيعِ، وَأَحْمَدُ بْنُ جَوَّاسٍ الْحَنَفِيُّ، قَالاَ حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الأَحْوَصِ، عَنْ عَمَّارِ بْنِ رُزَيْقٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عِيسَى، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، قَالَ بَيْنَمَا جِبْرِيلُ قَاعِدٌ عِنْدَ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم سَمِعَ نَقِيضًا مِنْ فَوْقِهِ فَرَفَعَ رَأْسَهُ فَقَالَ هَذَا بَابٌ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ فُتِحَ الْيَوْمَ لَمْ يُفْتَحْ قَطُّ إِلاَّ الْيَوْمَ فَنَزَلَ مِنْهُ مَلَكٌ فَقَالَ هَذَا مَلَكٌ نَزَلَ إِلَى الأَرْضِ لَمْ يَنْزِلْ قَطُّ إِلاَّ الْيَوْمَ فَسَلَّمَ وَقَالَ أَبْشِرْ بِنُورَيْنِ أُوتِيتَهُمَا لَمْ يُؤْتَهُمَا نَبِيٌّ قَبْلَكَ فَاتِحَةُ الْكِتَابِ وَخَوَاتِيمُ سُورَةِ الْبَقَرَةِ لَنْ تَقْرَأَ بِحَرْفٍ مِنْهُمَا إِلاَّ أُعْطِيتَهُ ‏.‏

Reference : Sahih Muslim 806

In-book reference : Book 6, Hadith 305

USC-MSA web (English) reference : Book 4, Hadith 1760

https://sunnah.com/muslim:806

[19] It was narrated that Al-Qasim said:

The Greatest Name of Allah, if He is called by which He will respond, is in three Surah: Al-Baqarah, Al ‘Imran and Ta-Ha. (Hasan)Another chain for something similar from Al-Qasim, from Abu Umamah, from the Prophet (saas).

حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الدِّمَشْقِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْعَلاَءِ، عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ، قَالَ اسْمُ اللَّهِ الأَعْظَمُ الَّذِي إِذَا دُعِيَ بِهِ أَجَابَ فِي سُوَرٍ ثَلاَثٍ الْبَقَرَةِ وَآلِ عِمْرَانَ وَطَهَ ‏.‏

حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الدِّمَشْقِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، قَالَ ذَكَرْتُ ذَلِكَ لِعِيسَى بْنِ مُوسَى فَحَدَّثَنِي أَنَّهُ، سَمِعَ غَيْلاَنَ بْنَ أَنَسٍ، يُحَدِّثُ عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ، عَنْ أَبِي أُمَامَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ـ صلى الله عليه وسلم ـ نَحْوَهُ ‏.‏

Reference : Sunan Ibn Majah 3856

In-book reference : Book 34, Hadith 30

English translation : Vol. 5, Book 34, Hadith 3856

https://sunnah.com/ibnmajah:3856

[20] Chronology of Surah’s Source: https://tanzil.net/docs/revelation_order

[21] Mufti Shafi Sahab, Tafseer Surah al-Baqarah, Maariful Quran, Page 95

[22] Muhammad Marmaduke Pickthall, The Koran, Everyman’s Library, Page 22

[23] Sayyid Qutub, Prologue – Surah al-Baqarah, In the Shade of The Quran, Page 9

[24] Sayyid Qutub, Prologue – Surah al-Baqarah, In the Shade of The Quran, Page 10

[25] Hafiz Salahuddin Yusuf, Tafseer Surah al-Baqarah, Tafseer Ahsan ul-Bayan, Page 62

[26] Abdullah Ibn Abbas, Tafseer Surah al-Baqarah, Tanwīr al-Miqbās min Tafsīr Ibn ‘Abbās

[27] Abd al-Rahman Nasir as-Sadi, Tafseer Surah al-Baqarah, Tafseer as-Sadi, Page 33

[28] Hafiz Imad ad-Deen Abu al-Fida Ibn Kathir, Tafseer Surah al-Baqarah, Tafseer Ibn Kathir, Page 69

[29] Hafiz Imad ad-Deen Abu al-Fida Ibn Kathir, Tafseer Surah al-Baqarah, Tafseer Ibn Kathir, Page 69

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