Introduction to Quran Part 4

Bismillah Alhamdulillah was salaatu was salaamu ala rasoolillah

Rabbish sharah li sadri wa yassirli amri wahlul uqdatam min lisaani wa yafqahu qauli

As Salaamu Alaikum wa Rahmatullahi wa Barakatuhu

Pichle hafte humne, Quran ke introduction ka teesra hissa suna, jiss me Quran per jo ahadith ayee hain, unn par ghaur kiya. Aaj ke Session me hum Tareekh me Quran ke mutalliq kya hai, iss par nazar daalte hain;

Chohta Section: Tareekh me Quran ke baare me kya hai?

Iss history ke section ko humne 11 hisson me banta hai;

1.An-Parrh Arab

Dr. Hamidullah apni kitab, “An Introduction to the Science of Hadith” me likhte hain ke, Bani Ismail ke mukhtalif qabile Jazeera-e-arab ke sehraa me, yani Arabian Peninisula ke desert me abaad the, ye log khaana badosh the, yani ke ye nomads the, ek jagah rehte aur jab khaane ya aam taur par paani ki khillat hone lagti, to wo doosri jagah shift ho jaate, aur ye mamela chalta hi rehta. Aur aksar Arab qabilon ka yehi mamela tha.^[1]

Jahan tak Arabi zaban ka taaluq hai, likhne ke aitebaar se, Makkah me boli jaane wali zaban me, 28 consonants ya harf the, aur jo short vowels the, yani ke airaab – zabar, pesh, zair waghairah ya jo damma, fatha, kasra samajhte hain – ye signs, likhe nahi jaate the. Arab ke alag alag ilaakhon me, alag alag likhne ke tareeqe, ya rasm-ul-khat, ya script the. Islam ke aane ke baad, aakhir kaar, Makkah ki jo script thi, wo Ghalib aa gayee.

Quraish, kyun ke, unn ke trade links the, alag alag ilaakhon ke leaders se – jiss ki detail hum Surah Quraish me sunn chuke hain. Jiss ki wajah se, likhne ka riwaaj Makkah me poore Arab ke muqaable me,…, sab se zyada tha, taqreeban 15 ya 17 log the,…, poore Makkah me, jo Likhna aur Parrhna jaante the.^[2]

Islam ke aane se pehle, Arabi tehreer, intehayi naqis haal me thi, yani jo script thi wo itni kamzor thi ke, wo likhne waale ko hi maloom hota tha ke, uss ne kya likha hai. Doosra shaks uss ko parrhne ke liye, guess karna parrhta tha, jaisa ke;

• Bay, Tay, Say, Noon aur Yay jo harf hai, jab ye lafz ke beech me aate hain, to ek hi tareeqe se likhe jaate hain, aur agar inn par ke nukte nikaal diye jaye, to pata nahi chalega ke Bay hai ya Say, 5 alag alag possibilities ho jaati hain, sirf ek hi harf ko parrhne ke liye,
• waise hi, lafz-e-feel hai, agar nukaat ko nikaal diya jaye, to ye lafz, feel ki jagah Qeel ho sakta hai, Qatala ho sakta hai, Qabala ho sakta hai, ya phir Fatila ho sakta hai,
• Yehi mamela, Jeem, Hay aur Khay ka bhi hai,
• Seen aur Sheen ka bhi hai,
• Ray aur Zay ka bhi hai,
• Matlab ye ke, 28 alphabets ko likhne ke sirf 15 tareeqe hain, agar inn letters pe se, dots nikaal diye jaye.
• To pata chala ke, likhne waale ko chhorrh kar, koi aur nahi bata sakta tha ke, uss ne kya likha hai.^[3]

Ye khaana badoshi ki wajah se, yani Arabon ke nomadic taur tareeqon ki wajah se, unn ke liye ye mushkil tha ke, wo apna rujhaan parrhne aur likhne ki taraf karte. Aur doosri baat ye hai ke, agar kisi me khwahesh hoti bhi parrhne aur likhne ki, to unn ke paas zaraye nahi the aur na hi koi madrasa, jahan jaa kar ilm hasil kiya ja sake. Aur jahan tak shayr-o-shayeri ki baat hai, ye muh-zubani, word of mouth ke zariye aag ki tarah phail jaati thi. Poetry log yaad kar lete the, aur doosron tak pahuncha dete the. To likhne ki zaroorat hi pesh nahi aati thi.

To ye conditions me, pehli wahi,…, Rasoolullah (صلى الله عليه وسلم) par utri, jab ke aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) khud parrhna ya likhna nahi jaante the;

2.Pehli Wahi

Tareekh ya history ke mutabiq, pehla communication, ya pehli wahi, 610 Eeswi me Rasoolullah (صلى الله عليه وسلم) par ayee, jis me Surah Alaq ki paanch ayaat utaari gayee;

• Ramadan ka wo mahina tha^[4], aur Lailatul Qadr wali raat^[5]ko wahi ka silsila shuru huwa.
• Ahadith ke mutabiq, Quran Wahi ke zariye Rasoolullah (صلى الله عليه وسلم) per nazil huwa, wahi ka silsila pehle sachche khwabon ke zariye hona shuru huwa, aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) jo bhi khwab mein dekhte wo sach ho jata tha,
  • Iss ke baad Aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ne logon se doori ikhtiyaar karli, aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) akela waqt guzarne ke liye Gaar-e-Hira chale jaate aur Allah (سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَىٰ) ki ibadat karte the, kayee raaton ke baad agar ghar wapas aate to sirf khane aur peene ke intezaam ke liye aate aur wapas Gaar-e-Hira chale jaate.
  • Ye silsila yunhi chalta raha, aur ek raat aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ke paas ek farishta aya aur aap se kaha “Padho”, Rasoolullah (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ne kaha ke mujhe padhna nahi aata, uss farishte ne aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ko jakad liya aur zor se dabaya yahan tak ke aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ko takleef hone lagi, phir uss farishte ne aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ko chhor diya aur kaha “Padho”, ye mamela teen baar dohraya aur phir Surah Alaq ki pehli 5 ayaat nazil huwi.
  • Yeh Pehli wahi thi, aur ye tajruba (ye experience) itna sakht tha, itna pareshan kun tha ke, aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) kaampne lage aur ghar wapas aa gaye aur Khadija (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهَا) se kaha “Zammilooni” mujhe udhaado. To aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ko kambal udhaa diya gaya.^[6]

3.Makkah me Quran ka likha jana

Kyun ke, likhne aur parrhne ka riwaaj itna aam nahi tha, aur pehli paanch ayaat nazil hone ke baad, wahi ka silsila kayee mahino ke liye ruk gaya, aur kyun ke, yaad karne ki adat thi, paanch ayaat ko yaad rakhna to mamooli baat thi. Aur pehle do-teen saal tak to likhne ki zaroorat bhi pesh na aayi hogi, kyun ke, namaz ka hukum aa chuka tha, aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ko meraj ke safar se pehle, to jo musalmaan ho gaye the (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُم), unn ke liye jitna Quran nazil huwa, wo yaad karna koi badi baat nahi thi.

Dr. Yasir Qadhi apni kitab “An Introduction to the Sciences of the Quraan” me likhte hain ke, Jo sab se pehla proof hum ko milta hai, Quran ke likhe jaane ka, wo Pehli wahi ke 6 saal baad ka hai, jab Umar (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْه) Musalmaan huwe;

• Umar (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُ) ki behen ke paas ek leather ki sheet thi, jo ek Sahabi – Khabbab ibn al-Arath, apne saath le aaye,
• jiss par Surah Taa-Haa ki shuru ki ayaat likhi huwi thi, aur wo uss se tilawat kar rahi thi,
• Khabbab aksar, Umar (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْه) ke behnoi ke ghar aya karte the, Quran sikhaane ke liye,
• Jab Umar (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْه) ne Quran ko pehli baar parrha, to bohot mutasir huwe aur unhe samajh aa gaya ke, ye Allah ka kalam hai, aur Musalman ho gaye.
• Iss qisse se pata chalta hai ke, Quran ka likhna shuru ho gaya tha, jab aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) Makkah me the aur Musalmano par zulm aur zyadati ho rahi thi, Quraish ki taraf se.^[7]

Aur hum, iss Quran ke Introduction ke doosre hisse me, Qurani ayaat sunn chuke hai ke, Allah (سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَى), Rasoolullah (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ko Quran me hukum de rahe hain ke, Wahi ke yaad karne me jaldi matt ki jiye, iss Quran ko jama karna, aur parrhwaane ki zimmadari Allah (سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَى) par hai, to iss se pata chalta hai ke, Rasoolullah (صلى الله عليه وسلم) fikr mand the, Quran ki hifazat ke liye, takay wo yaad ho jaye aur mehfooz ho jaye.

Makkah me kitna Quran likha gaya ye pata nahi, lekin jitna nazil huwa, wo sara ka sara yaad kar liya gaya, shuru ke likhne walon me Abu Bakr, Umar aur Uthman (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُم) ke naam aate hain. Beher-haal ye baat tay hai ke, Quran ke hifz karne ko zyada tarjeeh di gayee, banizbat likhne ke. Lekin shuru se hi, Quran likha bhi jata raha aur yaad bhi kiya jata raha.^[8]

Madina hijrat karne se pehle, jab Musalamo ki tedad Madina me badhne lagi, to aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ne Musab Ibn Umair aur Ibn Maktoom (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُما) ko Quran sikhane ke liye bheja.

4.Madina me Quran ka likha jana

Dr. Yasir Qazi ne apni kitab, “An Introduction to the Sciences of the Qura’an” me ye hadith naqal ki hai:

• Ubadah Ibn as-Samit (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْه) se riwayat hai ke, “Jab kabhi koi shaks Madinah hijrat karke aata, Rassolullah (صلى الله عليه وسلم) uss shaks ko Quran sikhane ke liye hamare supurd karte the, Matlab ye ke, jin Sahaba (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُم) ko Quran parrhna aata tha, naye logon ko unn ke hawale kiya jaata tha, takay, wo unn ko Quran sikhaye…”
• Iss hadith se pata chalta hai ke, Rasoolullah (صلى الله عليه وسلم), iss baat ka khayal rakhte the ke, har nau-muslim ko Quran sikhane ke liye, ek ustaad maujood ho.

Naye Musalmano ko Quran sikhaane ki itni fikr thi, aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ko ke, Sahaba (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُم) ko bhejte the, doosre shehro aur qabilon me, Quran sikhane ke liye, takay wahan ke Musalman, Quran seekh sakay aur yaad kar sakay. Madina aane ke baad, Makkah ke Musalman jo hijrat na kar sakay, unn ko Quran sikhane ke liye aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ne Muadh ibn Jabal (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْه) ko bheja.^[9]

Rasoolullah (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ki tarah, Sahaba (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُم) bhi Quran ko mahfooz karne ke fikr-mand the, jitna ho sakta tha, wo zaati taur par, personal level par Quran ko yaad karte;

• Abu Bakr,
• Umar ibn al-Khattab,
• Uthman ibn Affan,
• Ali ibn Abi Talib,
• Hudhaifa ibn al-Yaman,
• Abdullah ibn Masood,
• Abdullah ibn Amr,
• Adbudllah ibn Abbas,
• Ubay ibn Kaab,
• Muadh ibn Jabal,
• Zayd ibn Thabit, aur kayee sahaba taqreeban poora Quran yaad karne ke liye mash’hoor the.

4 hijri me jab Rasoolullah (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ne 70 Sahaba (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُم) ko alag alag qabile walon ko Quran sikhane ke liye bheja to, wahan Bir Maoona, kuwe ke paas unn logon ne jo Islam qabool karne ka dhong racha tha, unn 70 Sahaba (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُم) jo Quran ke Hafiz the, shaheed kar diya;

• Iss se pata chalta hai ke, kayee Sahaba Quran ko yaad kar liye the.
• Bukhari ki ek Hadith ke mutabiq, aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ne farmaya ke, Quran ko inn chaar Sahaba se seekho,
  • Abdullah Ibn Masood,
  • Saalim,
  • Muadh Ibn Jabal, aur
  • Ubai Ibn Kaab (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُم)^[10]
• Matlab ye ke, Sahaba sab se pehle Quran ko yaad kare, aur Rasoolullah (صلى الله عليه وسلم) se parrhne ka tareeqa seekhe aur ye chaar Sahaba mash’hoor the, Quran parrhne me aur doosron tak pahunchane me.
• Yehi chaar Sahaba se aur inn ke shagirdon se Qirat ke, yani ke Quran ke parrhne ke, tajweed ke tareeqe milte hain, ahadith me.
• Phir aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ka rujhaan, Quran ko likhne ki taraf huwa, aur na sirf Quran ko yaad karne ka kaam balke, likhne ke liye bhi Sahaba (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُم) ko muqarrar kiya aur zimmedari de di,^[11]
• Zaid Ibn Thabit (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُ) Madina me paida huwe, aur jab wo 11 saal ke the, unhone Jung-e-Badr me jaane ki ijazat maangi, Rasoolullah (صلى الله عليه وسلم) se, aur aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ne unhe ijazat nahi di, kyun ke, wo abhi 15 saal se kum umr ke the,
• Zaid Ibn Thabit ne, apne aap ko Quran yaad karne me lagaya, wo likhna bhi jaante the, aur Rasoolullah (صلى الله عليه وسلم) unhe katib-e-wahi ka kaam diya, aur wo dheere dheere, Katib-e-Nabi (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ban gaye, tamam letters jo ghair musalmano ko aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) likhte the, wo Zaid Ibn Thabit likha karte the, aur wo Quran ke na sirf Katib the, balke Hafiz bhi the,
• Jaise jaise wahi aati, aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) Zaid Ibn Thabit ko bula bhejte, likhne ke liye.^[12]
• Ek baar, aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ne wahi ke nazil hone par Zaid Ibn Thabit (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْه) ko bula bheja, aur kehelwaya ke, apne likhne ka saman le aao,
• Jab Zaid (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْه) pahunchhe to aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) unhe nazil ki huwi ayaat likhwayi.
• Iss waqiye se pata chalta hai ke, aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) iss kaam ko karne me kitni jaldi karte the.^[13]
• Sunan Nasai me hai ke, Zaid Ibn Thabit abhi likh hi rahe the ke, na-bina Sahabi Ibn Umm Maktoum aa gaye, aur aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) se sawal karne lage, aur iss sawal par Wahi nazil hona shuru ho gayee, jab ke aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ka payr, Zaid Ibn Thabit ke payr par tha,
• Zaid (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْه) farmate hain ke, Rasoolullah (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ka payr itna wazan-daar ho gaya ke, mujhe laga ke mera payr toot jayega. Wahi ke ikhtetaam par aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ne Zaid (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْه) ko likhwa diya.^[14]
• Ek aur hadith se pata chalta hai jiss ke, Zaid (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْه) khud rawi hain, aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ne Zaid (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْه) se poochha ke, kya likha hai parrh kar sunao,
• Iss tarah aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) check bhi karte jo likha hai wo sahih hai ke nahi.^[15]
• Ibn Saad ne apni seerat me, 24 Sahaba (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُم) ke naam darj kiye hain, jo Katib-e-Wahi the, jiss me chaaro Khalifa aur Zaid Ibn Thabit (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُم) shamil hain.

Jo likhne ke material ka istemaal wo kiya karte the, uss me;

• kapde ke tukde,
• pathar,
• khajoor ke patte,
• chamde ke tukde,
• flat haddiyan, aam taur par shoulder blade, Istemaal kiye jaate the.

5.Sahaba (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُم) ke zaati Mushaf (Sahaba’s Personal copies of Quran)

Surah Feel ki tafseer ke teesre hisse me, Humne Hadith ka inkaar karne walon ke fitne ke jawab me, iss Hadith ka jaiza liya tha ke kis tarah, Rasoolullah (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ne naye Musalmano ko mana kiya tha, Quran ke alawa kuch na likhne ke liye;^[16]

• Jab unn naye Musalmano ne jaan liya ke Quran kya hai, ya Quran unhe yaad ho gaya, uss ke baad aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ne, unn ko Hadith likhne ki ijazat di,
• Yehi wajah hai ke, kayee Sahaba (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُم) ke paas, zaati Quran ke nuskhe (ya mushaf) maujood the,
• Yasir Qazi ne Ibn Abi Dawood (matlab Abu Dawood ke bete Abu Bakr) ki kitab, Kitab al-Masahif ke, hawale se bataya hai ke, Rasoolullah (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ne mana kiya tha, ke ye zaati Quran ke Mushaf ke saath Madina se bahar safar karne liye,
• Ye iss liye tha ke, agar ye Mushaf gum ho jaye aur dushmano ke haath lag jaye, to be hurmati ho sakti.
• Ye Zati Quran ke nuskhon ke liye jo Sahaba mash’hoor the, wo hain;
  • Ubai Ibn Kaab,
  • Abdullah Ibn Masood,
  • Umar Ibn al-Khattab,
  • Ali Ibn Abi Talib,
  • Aur azwaaj-e-mutahharaat, jin me Aisha aur Hafsa (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُم) hain.
  • Baaz logon ne inn masahif ki tedad 15 ke qareeb batayi hai.
• Ye masahif complete Quran nahi tha, aur na hi suraton ka arrangement aaj ke arrangement ke mutabiq tha, misal ke taur par,
• Ibn Masood ki mushaf me, 106 surah the
• Ubai Ibn Kaab ki mushaf me 114 suraton se kum surah likhe huwe the, aur unhone Dua-e-Qunoot aur ahadith bhi uss me likh liya tha.^[17]
• Ab yahan kaafi detail hai ke, kis tarah islam ke dushmano ne, inn personal quran ke nuskhon ko, daleel bana kar, Quran par shak karne ki buniyad daali aur uss ka jawab bhi maujood hai. Iss ki detail me hum nahi jayenge.

6.Rasoolullah (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ki zindagi ka aakhri hissa aur Quran

Bukhari aur Muslim ki ahadith me ata hai ke, Ye Rasoolullah (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ka mamool tha ke, har saal Ramadan ke mahine me, har raat;

• Jitna Quran nazil ho chuka hai, wo Jibrail (عَلَيْهِ ٱلسَّلَام) ko sunate aur Jibrail (عَلَيْهِ ٱلسَّلَام), Rasoolullah (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ko sunate,
• Aur jiss saal aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ka inteqaal huwa, uss saal ramadan me ye Quran ka sunna aur sunana, do baar huwa. ^[18]
• Yasir Qazi kehte hain ke, aakhri daur me Zaid Ibn Thabit (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْه) bhi, aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ke saath maujood the,
• Rasoolullah (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ne, Quran ek jagah jama nahi kiya, yani ke, iss ko kitab ki shakal nahi di aur na hi aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ne apne Sahaba (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُم) ko aisa karne ka hukum kiya,
• Lekin, ye baat note kar lijiye ke, aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ki zindagi me, Quran poora ka poora likha ja chuka tha, wo sirf ek jagah ek kitab ki shakal me nahi tha,
• Aur ye bhi ke, saara ka saara Quran, Sahaba ikraam ko yaad tha, iss ki chand wujoohaat samajh me aati hai;
  • Wahi kasrat ke saath, aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ke inteqaal se pehle aa rahi thi, aur aakhri ayaat jo nazil huwi, wo Surah Tauba ki ayaat thi, jo aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ke inteqaal se 9 din pehle nazil huwi,
  • Iss wahi ki kasrat ki wajah se maukha nahi mila ke, Quran ko ek kitab ki shakal di jaye,
  • Kayee Sahaba (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُم) ko poora Quran yaad tha, to aisi koi shadeed zaroorat nahi thi ke, ye kaam aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) anjaam dete,
  • Suraton ki tarteeb aaj jis tarah hai, uss sequence me Quran nazil nahi huwa, to ye tarteeb me to aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ko yaad tha, aur Jibrail (عَلَيْهِ ٱلسَّلَام) har saal yehi tarteeb me aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) se sunte aur sunaate the,
  • Phir kuch ayaat add aur subtract hoti rahi, Quran ke 23 sala nuzool ke dauraan, ye mamela kabhi bhi ho sakta tha, to iss liye bhi Quran ko kitab ki shakal me, aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ki zindagi me compile karna mumkin nahi tha.^[19]
  • Phir aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ne apni zindagi me farma diya tha ke, “Tum par meri aur Khulafa-e-Rashideen ki sunnat lazim hai”.^[20]
• Ek aur Hadith iss silsile se mutalliq hai ke, Anas bin Malik (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْه) farmate hain ke, chaar Sahaba ne Quran ko jama kiya,
  • Abu ad-Darda,
  • Muadh ibn Jabal,
  • Zaid Ibn Thabit, aur
  • Abu Zaid (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُم)^[21]

7.Quran ki Qirat 7 tareeqon se (Recitation of the Quran in Seven different ways)

• Ibn Abbas (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْه) farmaate hain ke, Rasoolullah (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ne farmaya ke, Jibrail (عَلَيْهِ ٱلسَّلَام) ne Quran ko ek andaaz me parrha, to maine (yani ke Rasoolullah (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ne unn se kaha ke, ek aur andaaz se parrho, to Jibrail (عَلَيْهِ ٱلسَّلَام) alag alag andaaz se parrhte gaye, yahan tak ke, saat alag alag andaaz se parrh kar aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ko sunaya.^[22]
• Umar (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْه) farmate hain ke, maine Hisham bin Hakim (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْه) ko Surah al-Furqan parrhte huwe suna, jo ke mere parrhne ke tareeqe se alag tha;
  • Umar (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْه) unn ko rokna chahte the lekin wo namaz ki halat me the,
  • Jab namaz khatam ki to poocha ke, ye Surah tum ko kis ne sikhaya,
  • Hisham (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْه) ne farmaya ke, Rasoolullah (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ne sikhaya hai,
  • Dono Rasoolullah (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ke paas hazir hote hain, aur Umar (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْه), aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) se sawal karte hain ke, maine Hisham ko Surah al-Furqan tilawat karte suna, jaisa ke aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ne mujhe nahi sikhaya,
  • Rasoolullah (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ne ek ke baad ek se surah suna, aur kaha ke, dono tareeqe sahih hai, aur
  • farmaya ke, Quran 7 tareeqon se parrha ja sakta hai, aur ye aise hi nazil huwa.^[23]

8.Quran ka Jama kiya jana Abu Bakr (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْه) ki daur-e-Khilafat me

Yamama ki jung Rasoolullah (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ke inteqaal ke baad, Abu Bakr as-Siddiq (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْه) ke daur-e-khilafat me huwi;

• Jo ke Nubuwwat ka dawa karne waale Musailima Kazzab ko, Nabi maanne walon ke khilaf ki gayee thi,
• Uss jung me 70 Sahaba jo Hafiz-e-Quran the, shaheed ho gaye, aur ek khatra paida huwa ke, Huffaz shaheed hote chale jayenge to phir Quran ka kya hoga?
• Bukhari ki hadith ke mutabiq, Zaid Ibn Thabit (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْه) se riwayat hai ke, Abu Bakr as-Siddiq (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْه) ne, unhe bulaya, aur Umar (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْه) bhi wahan maujood the,
• Ye Umar (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْه) ka mashwara tha ke, Quran ko kitab ki shakal me bana diya jaye, takay Quran ke huffaz ke shaheed hone ki wajah se Quran ko nukhsaan na pahunche,
• Abu Bakr (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْه) ne kaha ke, main wo kaam kaise kar sakta hoon, jis kaam ko Rasoolullah (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ne nahi kiya?
• Umar (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْه) israr karte rahe, yahan tak ke Allah ne Abu Bakr (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْه) ke seene ko khol diya, iss kaam ke karne ke liye,
• Phir Abu Bakr (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْه) ne Zaid (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْه) ko hukum diya ke wo Quran ko jama kare, kitab ki shakal me,
• Zaid (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْه) farmate hain ke, agar mujhe pahad ko apni jagah se hataane ka kaam dete to wo mere liye asaan hota, ba-nisbat Quran ko jama karne ke, kitab ki shakal me,
• Zaid (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْه) ne bhi wohi baat kahi, jo Abu Bakr (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْه) ne shuru me kahi, hum wo kaam ko kaise anjaam denge, jis kaam ko Rasoolullah (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ne nahi kiya?
• Abu Bakr aur Umar (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُما) ne Zaid (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْه) convince kiya, Quran ko kitab ki shakal me jama karne ke liye, aur
• Abu Bakr (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْه) ki tarah, Zaid (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْه) ka dil bhi Allah (سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَى) ne khol diya iss kam ko karne ke liye.
• Zaid (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْه) ne Quran ko jama karna shuru kiya, khajoor ke patton se, patle safed patharon se, aur Huffaz ke seeno se, jin ko Quran yaad tha,
• yahan tak ke, jo aakhri ayat nazil huwi, wo Zaid (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْه) ne Abi Khuzaimah al-Ansari ke paas likha huwa paya.
• Ye nuskha, Abu Bakr (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْه) ke paas raha jab tak wo zinda rahe, aur uss ke baad Umar (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْه) ke paas unke inteqal tak, phir unki beti Hafsa (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهَا) ke paas raha.^[24]
• Muhammad Mustafa al-Azami apni kitab “The History of the Quranic Text” me ye hadith ka hawala dete hain, Zaid Ibn Thabit (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْه) farmate hain ke, Rasoolullah (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ko iss zindagi se le liya gaya, jab ke Quran abhi kitab ki shakal me jama nahi huwa tha,
• Yahan Dr. Azami kehte hain ke, ghaur kariye alfaaz ke selection par, yahan kitab ki shakal me jama karna kaha, likhna nahi kaha, kyun ke, poora ka poora Quran likha ja chuka tha,
• Azami aagay likhte hain ke, Abu Bakr (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْه) ne Zaid (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْه) ko hukum diya ke, Quran ki ayaat ko uss Sahabi se hi lena, jiss ne directly Rasoolullah (صلى الله عليه وسلم) se suna aur likha, aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ke saamne, aur iss baat ke do gawah hona chahiye, jinhone uss sahabi (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْه) ko likhte dekha.
• Kaafi detail Dr. Azami ne apni kitab me diya hai, jiss ko yahan bayan karne ki gunjaish nahi.^[25]
• Zaid (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْه) ne iss massive kaam ko 2 saal me poora kiya.[26]
• Ye Rasoolullah (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ki education policy ka nateeja tha ke, ye azeem kaam itne kum waqt me poora ho gaya, aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ne apne Sahaba (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُم) ko Quran sikhaya, kayee Sahaba ne na sirf aap (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُم) se Quran ko yaad kiya, balke directly likha bhi, Wahi ko likhne wale sahaba ne bhi record kiya, likh liya, aur Quran ko seekhne waale sahaba ne bhi likh liya. Aur inhi sahaba ki wajah se Quran ka jama karna mumkin ho paya.

9.Quran ka Phailaya jana Umar (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْه) ki daur-e-Khilafat me

Dr. Azami likhte hain ke, Abu Bakr (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْه) ne apne baad Umar (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْه) ko Khalifa muqarrar kiya, aur Quran ka nuskha jo tayyar kiya gaya tha, Umar (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْه) ke hawale kiya;

• Umar (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْه) ke daur-e-khilafat me, Islam Arabian Peninsula, yani Jazeera-e-Arab ke bahar phailna Shuru huwa,
• To Umar (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْه) ne 10 Sahaba ko Busra bheja, logon ko Quran sikhane ke liye, aur Ibn Masood (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْه) ko Kufa bheja,
• Jab Umar (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْه) ko pata chala ke, ek shaks Kufa me Quran ko dictate kara raha hai, bina Quran ki mushaf ko dekhay huwe, to wo ghusse se palag ho gaye, aur jab unhe pata chala ke, wo shaks koi aur nahi balke, Ibn Masood hain, to unn ka ghussa Thanda ho gaya, kyun ke, Ibn Masood ka status aur unn ka Quran ka parrhna, unhe pata tha.
• Aise hi Umar (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْه) ne Muadh, Ubada, aur Abu ad-Darda (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُم) ko Syria bheja, logon ko Quran sikhane ke liye,
• Madina me aap ne Yazid bin Abdullah ko, Baddu’on ko Quran sikhane ke liye muqarrar kiya, jo Madina ke bahar, atraaf me raha karte the,
• Teen aur Sahaba ko Madina me bachon ko Quran parrhane ke liye muqarrar kiya, aur unn ki salary fix ki, mahine ke 15 Dinar unn ko diya karte the, aur unn sahaba ko takeed ki ke, bade logon ko, yani adults ko Quran sikhaye, 5-5 ayaat karke, yani asan bana kar, logon ko sikhaye.
• Umar (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُم) ka Qatl 23 Hijri yani 644 eeswi me Huwa, aur unhone Quran ka wo nuskha, apni beti aur Ummul momineen, Hafsa ke supurd kiya.[27]
• Umar (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُ) ke daur-e-khilafat me, Zaid Ibn Thabit (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُ) Quran par authority maane jaate the, ek waqt khutbe me, Umar (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُ) ne logon ko kaha ke, agar Quran ke mutalliq kisi ko kuch poochhna ho to wo, Zaid Ibn Thabit ke paas jaye.[28]

10.Quran ki tajweed ki tarteeb Uthman (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْه) ki daur-e-Khilafat me

Umar (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْه) ke inteqaal ke baad, Musalmano ne Uthman (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْه) ke haath par Bait karke, unhe khalifa chuna;

• Khalifa banne ke baad, Islami Hukumat phailti chali gayee aur naye log Muslim hukumat ka hissa ban gaye,
• Bukhari ki ek hadith jis me, Hudhaifa bin al-Yaman (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْه) ne Khalifa Uthman (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْه) ko, iss baat se agah karwaya ke, Syria aur Iraq ke soobon ke log, Armenia aur Azarbaijan ko fatah karne ke liye jung kar rahe hain,
• Aur inn dono soobon ke logon ke Quran parrhne ka tareeqa alag alag hone ki wajah se, kahin aisa na ho ke, Musalman ek doosre se Allah ki kitab ki wajah se ladne lag jaye, ya unn me differences paida ho, jaise ke Yahood aur Nasara ne hum se pehle kiya,
• Uthman (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْه) ne iss mashware par amal karte huwe, ummul-momineen Hafsa (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهَا) se darkhaast ki ke, Quran ki jo manuscript, ya nuskha unn ke paas hai, wo bheje, takay uss ke copies banayi ja sake,
• Uthman (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْه) ne ye nuskha, Zaid Ibn Thabit, Abdullah bin Zubair, Said bin al-Aas, Abdur Rahman bin Harith bin Hisham (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُم) ko diya aur hukum kiya ke, iss ke copies banaye jaye,
• Iss me Zaid Ibn Thabit ko chhorrh kar, baaqi teen Sahaba Quraish se ta’aloq rakhte the, aur Uthman (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْه) unhe takeed ki, ke agar tum Zaid (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْه) se ittefaaq na karo, talaffuz me, to Quraish ke talaffuz me Quran ko likho, kyun ke iss talaffuz me Quran nazil huwa,
• Unho ne kayee copies banayee, jiss ke baad Uthman (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْه) ne Abu Bakr (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْه) ki banayee huwi manuscript, Hafsa (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهَا) wapas kar di,
• Aur Uthman (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْه) ne har soobay me Quran ki ek copy bhija di, aur hukum diya ke, har wo cheez jis par Quran likha hai, wo jala diye jaye.[29]
• Hafsa (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهَا) ke paas jo nuskha tha, wo unn ke paas hi raha, unn ke inteqaal tak, uss ke baad uss ko destroy kar diya gaya, takay Uthman (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْه) ki copy final copy rahe.[30]
• Ab yahan kuch difference of opinion hai ke,
  • Kuch reports kehte hain ke, Abu Bakr (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْه) ne na sirf Ek Kitab ki shakal me jama kiya, balke 7 alag alag huroof ko bhi tai kiya, lekin kuch aur reports ye kehte hain ke, iss kaam ko Uthman (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْه) ne anjaam diya, jaisa ke, Bukhari ki iss hadith se zahir hota hai, jo humne suni,
  • Doosra difference of opinion, copies ko le kar hai ke, Uthman (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْه) kitne copies banaye, ek report ke hisaab se, 4 copies banaye, jo Kufa, Basra aur Syria bheje gaye, aur ek copy Madina me rakhi gayee,
  • Doosri report ke hisaab se, 8 copies banaye gaye, beher-haal ek copy Uthman (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْه) ke paas thi, jis me se wo tilawat kiya karte the.
  • Teesra difference of opinion, Suraton ki tarteeb ke mutalliq hai, unn ki tarteeb aaj ke Quran ki tarteeb ke hisaab se nahi thi, asal maqsad Abu Bakr (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْه) ka ye tha ke, Quran poora ka poora likh kar, ek kitab ki shakak de di jaye, takay Quran written form me mehfooz ho jaye. Uthman (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْه) ne Suraton ki tarteeb uss tareekhe se ki, jaisa ke huffaz ko yaad tha, aur iss kaam ke liye, wo Zaid Ibn Thabit ko istemaal kiya, kyun ke, Zaid (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْه) Rasoolullah (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ke saath aakhri Ramadan me maujood the, jiss waqt aap (صلى الله عليه وسلم) Jibraeel-e-ameen ko Quran suna rahe the aur sunn rahe the.

11. Uthman (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْه) ki Quran ki copy

Uthman (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْه) ke daur-e-khilafat ke aakhri hisse me, fitne Shuru huwe, jis ki detail me jaane ki gunjaish nahi, lekin ye baat batana zaroori hai ke,

• Inn fitno ki wajah se, Uthman (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْه) ko unn ke ghar me qaid kar diya gaya tha, fitna philane walon ki taraf se,
• Kuch log Uthman (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْه) ki hifazat kar rahe the, aur dushman aap par hamla karke shaheed kar dena chahta tha,
• Issi mahol me ek din, aap Quran parrh rahe the aur dushman, kisi tarah aap ke ghar ki chhatt par se, andar daakhil ho gaye aur aap par waar kiya aur aap shaheed ho gaye.
• Uthman (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْه) ka khoon, Quran par gira, jab aap Surah al-Anfal ki 64wi ayat tilawat kar rahe the jis ka matlab hai ke, “Aye Nabi (صلى الله عليه وسلم), Allah (سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَى) aap ke liye kaafi hai aur jo aap ki itteba kar rahe hain momino me se, unn ke liye bhi kaafi hai”
• Ye Quran ka nuskha, Telyashayakh Masjid ki library me mehfooz hai, jo Tashkent, Uzbekistan me hai.[31]
• Radio Carbon dating ki gayee, Uthman (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْه) ke banaye huwe nuskhon ki, jis se iss ki tareekh ka andaza 606 se 649 eeswi ke beech bataya gaya hai.[32]
• Kuch ghair-muslim, Musalmano ke dilon me doubt daalne ki niyyat se, kayee kitabein likhe hain, aur internet par kayee websites hain, jo Musalmano ke khilaf kaam kar rahe hain, Uthman (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْه) ki iss Quran ko compare kiya gaya, aaj ki Quran se, dono me koi farq nahi tha.
• Hume to waise bhi maloom hai ke, iss kitab me koi shak nahi hai, lekin jo shak karte hain, unn ke liye bhi, daleel to maujood hai, chahe wo maane ya na maane, Allah ka wada poora ho kar hi rehta hai.

References

[1] Dr. Hamidullah, An Introduction to the Science of Hadith, Islamic Book Trust, 2003, Page: 3

[2] Dr. Hamidullah, An Introduction to the Science of Hadith, Islamic Book Trust, 2003, Page: 3

[3] Dr. Hamidullah, An Introduction to the Science of Hadith, Islamic Book Trust, 2003, Page: 4

[4] Al Quran, Surah al-Baqarah, Chapter 2: Verse 185

[5] Al Quran, Surah al-Qadr, Chapter 97: Verse 1

[6] Narrated ‘Aisha (the mother of the faithful believers): The commencement of the Divine Inspiration to Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) was in the form of good dreams which came true like bright daylight, and then the love of seclusion was bestowed upon him. He used to go in seclusion in the cave of Hira where he used to worship (Allah alone) continuously for many days before his desire to see his family. He used to take with him the journey food for the stay and then come back to (his wife) Khadija to take his food likewise again till suddenly the Truth descended upon him while he was in the cave of Hira. The angel came to him and asked him to read. The Prophet (ﷺ) replied, “I do not know how to read.” The Prophet (ﷺ) added, “The angel caught me (forcefully) and pressed me so hard that I could not bear it any more. He then released me and again asked me to read and I replied, ‘I do not know how to read.’ Thereupon he caught me again and pressed me a second time till I could not bear it any more. He then released me and again asked me to read but again I replied, ‘I do not know how to read (or what shall I read)?’ Thereupon he caught me for the third time and pressed me, and then released me and said, ‘Read in the name of your Lord, who has created (all that exists), created man from a clot. Read! And your Lord is the Most Generous.” (96.1, 96.2, 96.3) Then Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) returned with the Inspiration and with his heart beating severely. Then he went to Khadija bint Khuwailid and said, “Cover me! Cover me!” They covered him till his fear was over and after that he told her everything that had happened and said, “I fear that something may happen to me.” Khadija replied, “Never! By Allah, Allah will never disgrace you. You keep good relations with your kith and kin, help the poor and the destitute, serve your guests generously and assist the deserving calamity-afflicted ones.” Khadija then accompanied him to her cousin Waraqa bin Naufal bin Asad bin ‘Abdul ‘Uzza, who, during the pre-Islamic Period became a Christian and used to write the writing with Hebrew letters. He would write from the Gospel in Hebrew as much as Allah wished him to write. He was an old man and had lost his eyesight. Khadija said to Waraqa, “Listen to the story of your nephew, O my cousin!” Waraqa asked, “O my nephew! What have you seen?” Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) described whatever he had seen. Waraqa said, “This is the same one who keeps the secrets (angel Gabriel) whom Allah had sent to Moses. I wish I were young and could live up to the time when your people would turn you out.” Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) asked, “Will they drive me out?” Waraqa replied in the affirmative and said, “Anyone (man) who came with something similar to what you have brought was treated with hostility; and if I should remain alive till the day when you will be turned out then I would support you strongly.” But after a few days Waraqa died and the Divine Inspiration was also paused for a while.

حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا اللَّيْثُ، عَنْ عُقَيْلٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ أُمِّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ أَوَّلُ مَا بُدِئَ بِهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم مِنَ الْوَحْىِ الرُّؤْيَا الصَّالِحَةُ فِي النَّوْمِ، فَكَانَ لاَ يَرَى رُؤْيَا إِلاَّ جَاءَتْ مِثْلَ فَلَقِ الصُّبْحِ، ثُمَّ حُبِّبَ إِلَيْهِ الْخَلاَءُ، وَكَانَ يَخْلُو بِغَارِ حِرَاءٍ فَيَتَحَنَّثُ فِيهِ ـ وَهُوَ التَّعَبُّدُ ـ اللَّيَالِيَ ذَوَاتِ الْعَدَدِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَنْزِعَ إِلَى أَهْلِهِ، وَيَتَزَوَّدُ لِذَلِكَ، ثُمَّ يَرْجِعُ إِلَى خَدِيجَةَ، فَيَتَزَوَّدُ لِمِثْلِهَا، حَتَّى جَاءَهُ الْحَقُّ وَهُوَ فِي غَارِ حِرَاءٍ، فَجَاءَهُ الْمَلَكُ فَقَالَ اقْرَأْ‏.‏ قَالَ ‏”‏ مَا أَنَا بِقَارِئٍ ‏”‏‏.‏ قَالَ ‏”‏ فَأَخَذَنِي فَغَطَّنِي حَتَّى بَلَغَ مِنِّي الْجَهْدَ، ثُمَّ أَرْسَلَنِي فَقَالَ اقْرَأْ‏.‏ قُلْتُ مَا أَنَا بِقَارِئٍ‏.‏ فَأَخَذَنِي فَغَطَّنِي الثَّانِيَةَ حَتَّى بَلَغَ مِنِّي الْجَهْدَ، ثُمَّ أَرْسَلَنِي فَقَالَ اقْرَأْ‏.‏ فَقُلْتُ مَا أَنَا بِقَارِئٍ‏.‏ فَأَخَذَنِي فَغَطَّنِي الثَّالِثَةَ، ثُمَّ أَرْسَلَنِي فَقَالَ ‏{‏اقْرَأْ بِاسْمِ رَبِّكَ الَّذِي خَلَقَ * خَلَقَ الإِنْسَانَ مِنْ عَلَقٍ * اقْرَأْ وَرَبُّكَ الأَكْرَمُ‏}‏ ‏”‏‏.‏ فَرَجَعَ بِهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم يَرْجُفُ فُؤَادُهُ، فَدَخَلَ عَلَى خَدِيجَةَ بِنْتِ خُوَيْلِدٍ رضى الله عنها فَقَالَ ‏”‏ زَمِّلُونِي زَمِّلُونِي ‏”‏‏.‏ فَزَمَّلُوهُ حَتَّى ذَهَبَ عَنْهُ الرَّوْعُ، فَقَالَ لِخَدِيجَةَ وَأَخْبَرَهَا الْخَبَرَ ‏”‏ لَقَدْ خَشِيتُ عَلَى نَفْسِي ‏”‏‏.‏ فَقَالَتْ خَدِيجَةُ كَلاَّ وَاللَّهِ مَا يُخْزِيكَ اللَّهُ أَبَدًا، إِنَّكَ لَتَصِلُ الرَّحِمَ، وَتَحْمِلُ الْكَلَّ، وَتَكْسِبُ الْمَعْدُومَ، وَتَقْرِي الضَّيْفَ، وَتُعِينُ عَلَى نَوَائِبِ الْحَقِّ‏.‏ فَانْطَلَقَتْ بِهِ خَدِيجَةُ حَتَّى أَتَتْ بِهِ وَرَقَةَ بْنَ نَوْفَلِ بْنِ أَسَدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعُزَّى ابْنَ عَمِّ خَدِيجَةَ ـ وَكَانَ امْرَأً تَنَصَّرَ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ، وَكَانَ يَكْتُبُ الْكِتَابَ الْعِبْرَانِيَّ، فَيَكْتُبُ مِنَ الإِنْجِيلِ بِالْعِبْرَانِيَّةِ مَا شَاءَ اللَّهُ أَنْ يَكْتُبَ، وَكَانَ شَيْخًا كَبِيرًا قَدْ عَمِيَ ـ فَقَالَتْ لَهُ خَدِيجَةُ يَا ابْنَ عَمِّ اسْمَعْ مِنَ ابْنِ أَخِيكَ‏.‏ فَقَالَ لَهُ وَرَقَةُ يَا ابْنَ أَخِي مَاذَا تَرَى فَأَخْبَرَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم خَبَرَ مَا رَأَى‏.‏ فَقَالَ لَهُ وَرَقَةُ هَذَا النَّامُوسُ الَّذِي نَزَّلَ اللَّهُ عَلَى مُوسَى صلى الله عليه وسلم يَا لَيْتَنِي فِيهَا جَذَعًا، لَيْتَنِي أَكُونُ حَيًّا إِذْ يُخْرِجُكَ قَوْمُكَ‏.‏ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏”‏ أَوَمُخْرِجِيَّ هُمْ ‏”‏‏.‏ قَالَ نَعَمْ، لَمْ يَأْتِ رَجُلٌ قَطُّ بِمِثْلِ مَا جِئْتَ بِهِ إِلاَّ عُودِيَ، وَإِنْ يُدْرِكْنِي يَوْمُكَ أَنْصُرْكَ نَصْرًا مُؤَزَّرًا‏.‏ ثُمَّ لَمْ يَنْشَبْ وَرَقَةُ أَنْ تُوُفِّيَ وَفَتَرَ الْوَحْىُ‏.‏

Reference : Sahih al-Bukhari 3 | In-book reference : Book 1, Hadith 3 | USC-MSA web (English) reference : Vol. 1, Book 1, Hadith 3 | https://sunnah.com/bukhari:3

[7] Dr. Yasir Qadhi, An Introduction to the Sciences of the Qura’an, Al-Hidayah Publishing and Distribution, First Edition, Page 127

[8] Dr. Yasir Qadhi, An Introduction to the Sciences of the Qura’an, Al-Hidayah Publishing and Distribution, First Edition, Page 128

[9] Dr. Yasir Qadhi, An Introduction to the Sciences of the Qura’an, Al-Hidayah Publishing and Distribution, First Edition, Page 128

[10] Dr. Yasir Qadhi, An Introduction to the Sciences of the Qura’an, Al-Hidayah Publishing and Distribution, First Edition, Page 128

[11] Dr. Yasir Qadhi, An Introduction to the Sciences of the Qura’an, Al-Hidayah Publishing and Distribution, First Edition, Page 129

[12] Zayd Ibn Thabit, Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zayd_ibn_Thabit

[13] Dr. Yasir Qadhi, An Introduction to the Sciences of the Qura’an, Al-Hidayah Publishing and Distribution, First Edition, Page 129

[14] It was narrated that Sahl bin Sa’d said: “I saw Marwan bin Al-Hakam sitting and I came and sat with him. He told us that Zaid bin Thabit told him, that the following was revealed to Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ): (Not equal are those of the believers who sit (at home) and those who strive hard and fight in the cause of Allah), then Ibn Umm Maktum came when he was dictating it to me (Zaid), and said: ‘O Messenger of Allah! If I were able to go for Jihad I would go out for Jihad.’ Then Allah, the Mighty and Sublime, revealed to him – while his thigh was against mine, and became so heavy that I thought my thigh would break, until (the revelation) stopped -: ‘Except those who are disabled (by injury or are blind or lame).'” [1]

Abu ‘Abdur-Rahman (An-Nasa’i) said: This ‘Abdur-Rahman bin Ishaq is tolerable, while ‘Abdur-Rahman bin IShaq, from whom reports ‘Ali bin Mushir, abu Mu’awiyah, and ‘Abdul-Wahid bin Ziyad from An-Nu’man bin Sa’d – he is not trustworthy. [1] An-Nisa’ 4:95.

أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ بَزِيعٍ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا بِشْرٌ، – يَعْنِي ابْنَ الْمُفَضَّلِ – قَالَ أَنْبَأَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، قَالَ رَأَيْتُ مَرْوَانَ بْنَ الْحَكَمِ جَالِسًا فَجِئْتُ حَتَّى جَلَسْتُ إِلَيْهِ فَحَدَّثَنَا أَنَّ زَيْدَ بْنَ ثَابِتٍ حَدَّثَهُ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم أُنْزِلَ عَلَيْهِ لاَ يَسْتَوِي الْقَاعِدُونَ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَالْمُجَاهِدُونَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ ‏.‏ فَجَاءَ ابْنُ أُمِّ مَكْتُومٍ وَهُوَ يُمِلُّهَا عَلَىَّ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ لَوْ أَسْتَطِيعُ الْجِهَادَ لَجَاهَدْتُ فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ وَفَخِذُهُ عَلَى فَخِذِي فَثَقُلَتْ عَلَىَّ حَتَّى ظَنَنْتُ أَنْ سَتُرَضُّ فَخِذِي ثُمَّ سُرِّيَ عَنْهُ ‏{‏ غَيْرُ أُولِي الضَّرَرِ ‏}‏ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ هَذَا لَيْسَ بِهِ بَأْسٌ وَعَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ يَرْوِي عَنْهُ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُسْهِرٍ وَأَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ وَعَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ بْنُ زِيَادٍ عَنِ النُّعْمَانِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ لَيْسَ بِثِقَةٍ ‏.‏

Grade: Sahih (Darussalam) | Reference : Sunan an-Nasa’i 3099 | In-book reference : Book 25, Hadith 15 | English translation : Vol. 1, Book 25, Hadith 3101 | https://sunnah.com/nasai:3099

[15] Dr. Yasir Qadhi, An Introduction to the Sciences of the Qura’an, Al-Hidayah Publishing and Distribution, First Edition, Page 129

[16]Tafseer Surah al-Feel, Part 3: Abu Sa’id Khudri reported that Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) said: Do not take down anything from me, and he who took down anything from me except the Qur’an, he should efface that and narrate from me, for there is no harm in it and he who attributed any falsehood to me-and Hammam said: I think he also said:” deliberately” -he should in fact find his abode in the Hell-Fire.

حَدَّثَنَا هَدَّابُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ الأَزْدِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا هَمَّامٌ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم قَالَ ‏ “‏ لاَ تَكْتُبُوا عَنِّي وَمَنْ كَتَبَ عَنِّي غَيْرَ الْقُرْآنِ فَلْيَمْحُهُ وَحَدِّثُوا عَنِّي وَلاَ حَرَجَ وَمَنْ كَذَبَ عَلَىَّ – قَالَ هَمَّامٌ أَحْسِبُهُ قَالَ – مُتَعَمِّدًا فَلْيَتَبَوَّأْ مَقْعَدَهُ مِنَ النَّارِ ‏”‏ ‏.‏

Reference : Sahih Muslim 3004 | In-book reference : Book 55, Hadith 92 | USC-MSA web (English) reference : Book 42, Hadith 7147 | https://sunnah.com/muslim:3004

[17] Dr. Yasir Qadhi, An Introduction to the Sciences of the Qura’an, Al-Hidayah Publishing and Distribution, First Edition, Page 130

[18] Narrated Abu-Huraira: Gabriel used to repeat the recitation of the Qur’an with the Prophet (ﷺ) once a year, but he repeated it twice with him in the year he died. The Prophet (ﷺ) used to stay in I`tikaf for ten days every year (in the month of Ramadan), but in the year of his death, he stayed in I`tikaf for twenty days.

حَدَّثَنَا خَالِدُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، عَنْ أَبِي حَصِينٍ، عَنْ أَبِي صَالِحٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، قَالَ كَانَ يَعْرِضُ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم الْقُرْآنَ كُلَّ عَامٍ مَرَّةً، فَعَرَضَ عَلَيْهِ مَرَّتَيْنِ فِي الْعَامِ الَّذِي قُبِضَ، وَكَانَ يَعْتَكِفُ كُلَّ عَامٍ عَشْرًا فَاعْتَكَفَ عِشْرِينَ فِي الْعَامِ الَّذِي قُبِضَ ‏{‏فِيهِ‏}‏

Reference : Sahih al-Bukhari 4998 | In-book reference : Book 66, Hadith 20 | USC-MSA web (English) reference : Vol. 6, Book 61, Hadith 520 | https://sunnah.com/bukhari:4998

Ibn ‘Abbas reported that Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) was the most generous of people in charity, but he was generous to the utmost in the month of Ramadan. Gabriel (peace be upon him) would meet him every year during the month of Ramadin until it ended, and Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) recited to him the Qur’an; and when Gabriel met him Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) was most generous in giving charity like the blowing wind.

حَدَّثَنَا مَنْصُورُ بْنُ أَبِي مُزَاحِمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ، – يَعْنِي ابْنَ سَعْدٍ – عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، ح وَحَدَّثَنِي أَبُو عِمْرَانَ، مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ – وَاللَّفْظُ لَهُ – أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ، عَنِ ابْنِ، شِهَابٍ عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُتْبَةَ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، قَالَ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم أَجْوَدَ النَّاسِ بِالْخَيْرِ وَكَانَ أَجْوَدَ مَا يَكُونُ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ إِنَّ جِبْرِيلَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ كَانَ يَلْقَاهُ فِي كُلِّ سَنَةٍ فِي رَمَضَانَ حَتَّى يَنْسَلِخَ فَيَعْرِضُ عَلَيْهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم الْقُرْآنَ فَإِذَا لَقِيَهُ جِبْرِيلُ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم أَجْوَدَ بِالْخَيْرِ مِنَ الرِّيحِ الْمُرْسَلَةِ ‏.‏

Reference : Sahih Muslim 2308a | In-book reference : Book 43, Hadith 68 | USC-MSA web (English) reference : Book 30, Hadith 5718 | https://sunnah.com/muslim:2308a

[19] Dr. Yasir Qadhi, An Introduction to the Sciences of the Qura’an, Al-Hidayah Publishing and Distribution, First Edition, Page 131

[20] Narrated Al-‘Irbad bin Sariyah: “One day after the morning Salat, the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) exhorted us to the extent that the eyes wept and the hearts shuddered with fear. A man said: ‘Indeed this is a farewell exhortation. [So what] do you order us O Messenger of Allah?’ He said: ‘I order you to have Taqwa of Allah, and to listen and obey, even in the case of an Ethiopian slave. Indeed, whomever among you lives, he will see much difference. Beware of the newly invented matters, for indeed they are astray. Whoever among you sees that, then he must stick to my Sunnah and the Sunnah of the rightly guided Khulafa’, cling to it with the molars.'”

حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ حُجْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا بَقِيَّةُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ، عَنْ بَحِيرِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، عَنْ خَالِدِ بْنِ مَعْدَانَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو السُّلَمِيِّ، عَنِ الْعِرْبَاضِ بْنِ سَارِيَةَ، قَالَ وَعَظَنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم يَوْمًا بَعْدَ صَلاَةِ الْغَدَاةِ مَوْعِظَةً بَلِيغَةً ذَرَفَتْ مِنْهَا الْعُيُونُ وَوَجِلَتْ مِنْهَا الْقُلُوبُ فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ إِنَّ هَذِهِ مَوْعِظَةُ مُوَدِّعٍ فَمَاذَا تَعْهَدُ إِلَيْنَا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ قَالَ ‏ “‏ أُوصِيكُمْ بِتَقْوَى اللَّهِ وَالسَّمْعِ وَالطَّاعَةِ وَإِنْ عَبْدٌ حَبَشِيٌّ فَإِنَّهُ مَنْ يَعِشْ مِنْكُمْ يَرَى اخْتِلاَفًا كَثِيرًا وَإِيَّاكُمْ وَمُحْدَثَاتِ الأُمُورِ فَإِنَّهَا ضَلاَلَةٌ فَمَنْ أَدْرَكَ ذَلِكَ مِنْكُمْ فَعَلَيْهِ بِسُنَّتِي وَسُنَّةِ الْخُلَفَاءِ الرَّاشِدِينَ الْمَهْدِيِّينَ عَضُّوا عَلَيْهَا بِالنَّوَاجِذِ ‏”‏ ‏.‏ قَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى هَذَا حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ صَحِيحٌ ‏.‏ وَقَدْ رَوَى ثَوْرُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ، عَنْ خَالِدِ بْنِ مَعْدَانَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو السُّلَمِيِّ، عَنِ الْعِرْبَاضِ بْنِ سَارِيَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم نَحْوَ هَذَا ‏.‏ حَدَّثَنَا بِذَلِكَ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ الْخَلاَّلُ وَغَيْرُ وَاحِدٍ قَالُوا حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَاصِمٍ عَنْ ثَوْرِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ عَنْ خَالِدِ بْنِ مَعْدَانَ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو السُّلَمِيِّ عَنِ الْعِرْبَاضِ بْنِ سَارِيَةَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم نَحْوَهُ وَالْعِرْبَاضُ بْنُ سَارِيَةَ يُكْنَى أَبَا نَجِيحٍ ‏.‏ وَقَدْ رُوِيَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثُ عَنْ حُجْرِ بْنِ حُجْرٍ عَنْ عِرْبَاضِ بْنِ سَارِيَةَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم نَحْوَهُ ‏.‏

Grade: Sahih (Darussalam) | Reference : Jami` at-Tirmidhi 2676 | In-book reference : Book 41, Hadith 32 | English translation : Vol. 5, Book 39, Hadith 2676 | https://sunnah.com/tirmidhi:2676

[21] Narrated Anas bin Malik: When the Prophet (ﷺ) died, none had collected the Qur’an but four persons: Abu Ad-Darda’, Mu`adh bin Jabal, Zaid bin Thabit and Abu Zaid. We were the inheritor (of Abu Zaid) as he had no offspring .

حَدَّثَنَا مُعَلَّى بْنُ أَسَدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الْمُثَنَّى، قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي ثَابِتٌ الْبُنَانِيُّ، وَثُمَامَةُ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ، قَالَ مَاتَ النَّبِيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم وَلَمْ يَجْمَعِ الْقُرْآنَ غَيْرُ أَرْبَعَةٍ أَبُو الدَّرْدَاءِ وَمُعَاذُ بْنُ جَبَلٍ وَزَيْدُ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ وَأَبُو زَيْدٍ‏.‏ قَالَ وَنَحْنُ وَرِثْنَاهُ‏.‏

Reference : Sahih al-Bukhari 5004 | In-book reference : Book 66, Hadith 26 | USC-MSA web (English) reference : Vol. 6, Book 61, Hadith 526 | https://sunnah.com/bukhari:5004

[22] Narrated `Abdullah bin `Abbas: Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) said, “Gabriel recited the Qur’an to me in one way. Then I requested him (to read it in another way), and continued asking him to recite it in other ways, and he recited it in several ways till he ultimately recited it in seven different ways.”

حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ عُفَيْرٍ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي اللَّيْثُ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي عُقَيْلٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، أَنَّ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ ـ رضى الله عنهما ـ حَدَّثَهُ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم قَالَ ‏ “‏ أَقْرَأَنِي جِبْرِيلُ عَلَى حَرْفٍ فَرَاجَعْتُهُ، فَلَمْ أَزَلْ أَسْتَزِيدُهُ وَيَزِيدُنِي حَتَّى انْتَهَى إِلَى سَبْعَةِ أَحْرُفٍ ‏”‏‏.‏

Reference : Sahih al-Bukhari 4991 | In-book reference : Book 66, Hadith 13 | USC-MSA web (English) reference : Vol. 6, Book 61, Hadith 513 | https://sunnah.com/bukhari:4991

[23] Narrated `Umar bin Al-Khattab: I heard Hisham bin Hakim reciting Surat Al-Furqan during the lifetime of Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) and I listened to his recitation and noticed that he recited in several different ways which Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) had not taught me. I was about to jump over him during his prayer, but I controlled my temper, and when he had completed his prayer, I put his upper garment around his neck and seized him by it and said, “Who taught you this Sura which I heard you reciting?” He replied, “Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) taught it to me.” I said, “You have told a lie, for Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) has taught it to me in a different way from yours.” So I dragged him to Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) and said (to Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ)), “I heard this person reciting Surat Al-Furqan in a way which you haven’t taught me!” On that Allah’s Apostle said, “Release him, (O `Umar!) Recite, O Hisham!” Then he recited in the same way as I heard him reciting. Then Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) said, “It was revealed in this way,” and added, “Recite, O `Umar!” I recited it as he had taught me. Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) then said, “It was revealed in this way. This Qur’an has been revealed to be recited in seven different ways, so recite of it whichever (way) is easier for you (or read as much of it as may be easy for you).

حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ عُفَيْرٍ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي اللَّيْثُ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي عُقَيْلٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي عُرْوَةُ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ، أَنَّ الْمِسْوَرَ بْنَ مَخْرَمَةَ، وَعَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنَ عَبْدٍ الْقَارِيَّ، حَدَّثَاهُ أَنَّهُمَا، سَمِعَا عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ، يَقُولُ سَمِعْتُ هِشَامَ بْنَ حَكِيمٍ، يَقْرَأُ سُورَةَ الْفُرْقَانِ فِي حَيَاةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم فَاسْتَمَعْتُ لِقِرَاءَتِهِ فَإِذَا هُوَ يَقْرَأُ عَلَى حُرُوفٍ كَثِيرَةٍ لَمْ يُقْرِئْنِيهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم فَكِدْتُ أُسَاوِرُهُ فِي الصَّلاَةِ فَتَصَبَّرْتُ حَتَّى سَلَّمَ فَلَبَّبْتُهُ بِرِدَائِهِ فَقُلْتُ مَنْ أَقْرَأَكَ هَذِهِ السُّورَةَ الَّتِي سَمِعْتُكَ تَقْرَأُ‏.‏ قَالَ أَقْرَأَنِيهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم‏.‏ فَقُلْتُ كَذَبْتَ فَإِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم قَدْ أَقْرَأَنِيهَا عَلَى غَيْرِ مَا قَرَأْتَ، فَانْطَلَقْتُ بِهِ أَقُودُهُ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم فَقُلْتُ إِنِّي سَمِعْتُ هَذَا يَقْرَأُ بِسُورَةِ الْفُرْقَانِ عَلَى حُرُوفٍ لَمْ تُقْرِئْنِيهَا‏.‏ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏”‏ أَرْسِلْهُ اقْرَأْ يَا هِشَامُ ‏”‏‏.‏ فَقَرَأَ عَلَيْهِ الْقِرَاءَةَ الَّتِي سَمِعْتُهُ يَقْرَأُ‏.‏ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏”‏ كَذَلِكَ أُنْزِلَتْ ‏”‏‏.‏ ثُمَّ قَالَ ‏”‏ اقْرَأْ يَا عُمَرُ ‏”‏‏.‏ فَقَرَأْتُ الْقِرَاءَةَ الَّتِي أَقْرَأَنِي، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏”‏ كَذَلِكَ أُنْزِلَتْ، إِنَّ هَذَا الْقُرْآنَ أُنْزِلَ عَلَى سَبْعَةِ أَحْرُفٍ فَاقْرَءُوا مَا تَيَسَّرَ مِنْهُ ‏”‏‏.‏

Reference : Sahih al-Bukhari 4992 | In-book reference : Book 66, Hadith 14 | USC-MSA web (English) reference : Vol. 6, Book 61, Hadith 514 | https://sunnah.com/bukhari:4992

[24] Narrated Zaid bin Thabit: Abu Bakr As-Siddiq sent for me when the people of Yamama had been killed (i.e., a number of the Prophet’s Companions who fought against Musailima). (I went to him) and found `Umar bin Al- Khattab sitting with him. Abu Bakr then said (to me), “`Umar has come to me and said: “Casualties were heavy among the Qurra’ of the Qur’an (i.e. those who knew the Qur’an by heart) on the day of the Battle of Yamama, and I am afraid that more heavy casualties may take place among the Qurra’ on other battlefields, whereby a large part of the Qur’an may be lost. Therefore I suggest, you (Abu Bakr) order that the Qur’an be collected.” I said to `Umar, “How can you do something which Allah’s Apostle did not do?” `Umar said, “By Allah, that is a good project.” `Umar kept on urging me to accept his proposal till Allah opened my chest for it and I began to realize the good in the idea which `Umar had realized.” Then Abu Bakr said (to me). ‘You are a wise young man and we do not have any suspicion about you, and you used to write the Divine Inspiration for Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ). So you should search for (the fragmentary scripts of) the Qur’an and collect it in one book.” By Allah If they had ordered me to shift one of the mountains, it would not have been heavier for me than this ordering me to collect the Qur’an. Then I said to Abu Bakr, “How will you do something which Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) did not do?” Abu Bakr replied, “By Allah, it is a good project.” Abu Bakr kept on urging me to accept his idea until Allah opened my chest for what He had opened the chests of Abu Bakr and `Umar. So I started looking for the Qur’an and collecting it from (what was written on) palme stalks, thin white stones and also from the men who knew it by heart, till I found the last Verse of Surat at-Tauba (Repentance) with Abi Khuzaima Al-Ansari, and I did not find it with anybody other than him. The Verse is: ‘Verily there has come unto you an Apostle (Muhammad) from amongst yourselves. It grieves him that you should receive any injury or difficulty..(till the end of Surat-Baraa’ (at-Tauba) (9.128-129). Then the complete manuscripts (copy) of the Qur’an remained with Abu Bakr till he died, then with `Umar till the end of his life, and then with Hafsa, the daughter of `Umar.

حَدَّثَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ بْنِ السَّبَّاقِ، أَنَّ زَيْدَ بْنَ ثَابِتٍ ـ رضى الله عنه ـ قَالَ أَرْسَلَ إِلَىَّ أَبُو بَكْرٍ مَقْتَلَ أَهْلِ الْيَمَامَةِ فَإِذَا عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ عِنْدَهُ قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ـ رضى الله عنه ـ إِنَّ عُمَرَ أَتَانِي فَقَالَ إِنَّ الْقَتْلَ قَدِ اسْتَحَرَّ يَوْمَ الْيَمَامَةِ بِقُرَّاءِ الْقُرْآنِ وَإِنِّي أَخْشَى أَنْ يَسْتَحِرَّ الْقَتْلُ بِالْقُرَّاءِ بِالْمَوَاطِنِ، فَيَذْهَبَ كَثِيرٌ مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ وَإِنِّي أَرَى أَنْ تَأْمُرَ بِجَمْعِ الْقُرْآنِ‏.‏ قُلْتُ لِعُمَرَ كَيْفَ تَفْعَلُ شَيْئًا لَمْ يَفْعَلْهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم قَالَ عُمَرُ هَذَا وَاللَّهِ خَيْرٌ‏.‏ فَلَمْ يَزَلْ عُمَرُ يُرَاجِعُنِي حَتَّى شَرَحَ اللَّهُ صَدْرِي لِذَلِكَ، وَرَأَيْتُ فِي ذَلِكَ الَّذِي رَأَى عُمَرُ‏.‏ قَالَ زَيْدٌ قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ إِنَّكَ رَجُلٌ شَابٌّ عَاقِلٌ لاَ نَتَّهِمُكَ، وَقَدْ كُنْتَ تَكْتُبُ الْوَحْىَ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم فَتَتَبَّعِ الْقُرْآنَ فَاجْمَعْهُ فَوَاللَّهِ لَوْ كَلَّفُونِي نَقْلَ جَبَلٍ مِنَ الْجِبَالِ مَا كَانَ أَثْقَلَ عَلَىَّ مِمَّا أَمَرَنِي مِنْ جَمْعِ الْقُرْآنِ قُلْتُ كَيْفَ تَفْعَلُونَ شَيْئًا لَمْ يَفْعَلْهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم قَالَ هُوَ وَاللَّهِ خَيْرٌ فَلَمْ يَزَلْ أَبُو بَكْرٍ يُرَاجِعُنِي حَتَّى شَرَحَ اللَّهُ صَدْرِي لِلَّذِي شَرَحَ لَهُ صَدْرَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرَ ـ رضى الله عنهما ـ فَتَتَبَّعْتُ الْقُرْآنَ أَجْمَعُهُ مِنَ الْعُسُبِ وَاللِّخَافِ وَصُدُورِ الرِّجَالِ حَتَّى وَجَدْتُ آخِرَ سُورَةِ التَّوْبَةِ مَعَ أَبِي خُزَيْمَةَ الأَنْصَارِيِّ لَمْ أَجِدْهَا مَعَ أَحَدٍ غَيْرَهُ ‏{‏لَقَدْ جَاءَكُمْ رَسُولٌ مِنْ أَنْفُسِكُمْ عَزِيزٌ عَلَيْهِ مَا عَنِتُّمْ‏}‏ حَتَّى خَاتِمَةِ بَرَاءَةَ، فَكَانَتِ الصُّحُفُ عِنْدَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ حَتَّى تَوَفَّاهُ اللَّهُ ثُمَّ عِنْدَ عُمَرَ حَيَاتَهُ ثُمَّ عِنْدَ حَفْصَةَ بِنْتِ عُمَرَ ـ رضى الله عنه ـ‏.‏

Reference : Sahih al-Bukhari 4986 | In-book reference : Book 66, Hadith 8 | USC-MSA web (English) reference : Vol. 6, Book 61, Hadith 509 | https://sunnah.com/bukhari:4986

[25] Dr. Muhammad Mustafa al-Azami, The History of the Quranic Text from Revelation to Compilation, UK Islamic Academy, Pages: 77-84

[26] Dr. Yasir Qadhi, An Introduction to the Sciences of the Qura’an, Al-Hidayah Publishing and Distribution, First Edition, Page 135

[27] Dr. Muhammad Mustafa al-Azami, The History of the Quranic Text from Revelation to Compilation, UK Islamic Academy, Pages: 85-86

[28] Zayd Ibn Thabit, Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zayd_ibn_Thabit

[29] Narrated Anas bin Malik: Hudhaifa bin Al-Yaman came to `Uthman at the time when the people of Sham and the people of Iraq were Waging war to conquer Arminya and Adharbijan. Hudhaifa was afraid of their (the people of Sham and Iraq) differences in the recitation of the Qur’an, so he said to `Uthman, “O chief of the Believers! Save this nation before they differ about the Book (Qur’an) as Jews and the Christians did before.” So `Uthman sent a message to Hafsa saying, “Send us the manuscripts of the Qur’an so that we may compile the Qur’anic materials in perfect copies and return the manuscripts to you.” Hafsa sent it to `Uthman. `Uthman then ordered Zaid bin Thabit, `Abdullah bin AzZubair, Sa`id bin Al-As and `AbdurRahman bin Harith bin Hisham to rewrite the manuscripts in perfect copies. `Uthman said to the three Quraishi men, “In case you disagree with Zaid bin Thabit on any point in the Qur’an, then write it in the dialect of Quraish, the Qur’an was revealed in their tongue.” They did so, and when they had written many copies, `Uthman returned the original manuscripts to Hafsa. `Uthman sent to every Muslim province one copy of what they had copied, and ordered that all the other Qur’anic materials, whether written in fragmentary manuscripts or whole copies, be burnt.

حَدَّثَنَا مُوسَى، حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ شِهَابٍ، أَنَّ أَنَسَ بْنَ مَالِكٍ، حَدَّثَهُ أَنَّ حُذَيْفَةَ بْنَ الْيَمَانِ قَدِمَ عَلَى عُثْمَانَ وَكَانَ يُغَازِي أَهْلَ الشَّأْمِ فِي فَتْحِ إِرْمِينِيَةَ وَأَذْرَبِيجَانَ مَعَ أَهْلِ الْعِرَاقِ فَأَفْزَعَ حُذَيْفَةَ اخْتِلاَفُهُمْ فِي الْقِرَاءَةِ فَقَالَ حُذَيْفَةُ لِعُثْمَانَ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَدْرِكْ هَذِهِ الأُمَّةَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَخْتَلِفُوا فِي الْكِتَابِ اخْتِلاَفَ الْيَهُودِ وَالنَّصَارَى فَأَرْسَلَ عُثْمَانُ إِلَى حَفْصَةَ أَنْ أَرْسِلِي إِلَيْنَا بِالصُّحُفِ نَنْسَخُهَا فِي الْمَصَاحِفِ ثُمَّ نَرُدُّهَا إِلَيْكِ فَأَرْسَلَتْ بِهَا حَفْصَةُ إِلَى عُثْمَانَ فَأَمَرَ زَيْدَ بْنَ ثَابِتٍ وَعَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ الزُّبَيْرِ وَسَعِيدَ بْنَ الْعَاصِ وَعَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنَ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ هِشَامٍ فَنَسَخُوهَا فِي الْمَصَاحِفِ وَقَالَ عُثْمَانُ لِلرَّهْطِ الْقُرَشِيِّينَ الثَّلاَثَةِ إِذَا اخْتَلَفْتُمْ أَنْتُمْ وَزَيْدُ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ فِي شَىْءٍ مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ فَاكْتُبُوهُ بِلِسَانِ قُرَيْشٍ فَإِنَّمَا نَزَلَ بِلِسَانِهِمْ فَفَعَلُوا حَتَّى إِذَا نَسَخُوا الصُّحُفَ فِي الْمَصَاحِفِ رَدَّ عُثْمَانُ الصُّحُفَ إِلَى حَفْصَةَ وَأَرْسَلَ إِلَى كُلِّ أُفُقٍ بِمُصْحَفٍ مِمَّا نَسَخُوا وَأَمَرَ بِمَا سِوَاهُ مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ فِي كُلِّ صَحِيفَةٍ أَوْ مُصْحَفٍ أَنْ يُحْرَقَ‏.‏

Reference : Sahih al-Bukhari 4987 | In-book reference : Book 66, Hadith 9 | USC-MSA web (English) reference : Vol. 6, Book 61, Hadith 510 | https://sunnah.com/bukhari:4987

Narrated Anas bin Malik: (The Caliph `Uthman ordered Zaid bin Thabit, Sa`id bin Al-As, `Abdullah bin Az-Zubair and `Abdur- Rahman bin Al-Harith bin Hisham to write the Qur’an in the form of a book (Mushafs) and said to them. “In case you disagree with Zaid bin Thabit (Al-Ansari) regarding any dialectic Arabic utterance of the Qur’an, then write it in the dialect of Quraish, for the Qur’an was revealed in this dialect.” So they did it.

حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْيَمَانِ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعَيْبٌ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، وَأَخْبَرَنِي أَنَسُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ، قَالَ فَأَمَرَ عُثْمَانُ زَيْدَ بْنَ ثَابِتٍ وَسَعِيدَ بْنَ الْعَاصِ وَعَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ الزُّبَيْرِ وَعَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنَ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ هِشَامٍ أَنْ يَنْسَخُوهَا، فِي الْمَصَاحِفِ وَقَالَ لَهُمْ إِذَا اخْتَلَفْتُمْ أَنْتُمْ وَزَيْدُ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ فِي عَرَبِيَّةٍ مِنْ عَرَبِيَّةِ الْقُرْآنِ فَاكْتُبُوهَا بِلِسَانِ قُرَيْشٍ، فَإِنَّ الْقُرْآنَ أُنْزِلَ بِلِسَانِهِمْ فَفَعَلُوا‏.‏

Reference : Sahih al-Bukhari 4984 | In-book reference : Book 66, Hadith 6 | USC-MSA web (English) reference : Vol. 6, Book 61, Hadith 507 | https://sunnah.com/bukhari:4984

[30] Hafsa’s copy was destroyed after her death, Source: https://www.livingislam.org/fiqhi/fiqha_e27.html

[31] Masoodul Hassan, Hadrat Othman Ghani, Kitab Bhavan, Second Edition, Page 201. Also see Uthman’s death, source: https://lifeinsaudiarabia.net/sahabi-died-while-reciting-quran/

[32] Dating the Uthman Manuscript to 604-649 AD, Source: https://www.islamic-awareness.org/quran/text/mss/radio.html